Economics
I.B.
Teslenko, Doctor of Economics, Professor,
Head
of
Vladimir
State University
O.B.
Digilina Doctor of Economics, Professor
Head
of Economics department
RANEPA
the Vladimir branch
Innovative instruments
of intersectoral collaboration
Annotation: the article contains description of contemporary problems of
intersectoral collaboration development for realization of regional innovative
investment projects in the Vladimir region. Crowdsourcing is considered to be
the instrument for public-private partnership activization.
Key words: intersectoral collaboration, public-private partnership (PPP),
fundraising, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding
I.
Introduction
More complicated
and more diverse relations within socio-economic systems, the necessity to
salve urgent problems of forming innovative economy require new instruments of
collaboration between government, business and the so-called third sector of
economy (nongovernmental nonprofit organizations).
Intersectoral
collaboration regulation abroad is far more advanced in comparison with
intersectoral collaboration in Russia. Regions of the country have experience
of collaboration between government and business and government and nonprofit organizations.
But the opportunities of intersectoral collaboration are not fully used.
Intersectoral
collaboration together with other actions undertaken by government could
provide additional ways of attracting non-budget funds to modern projects,
including innovative projects. Activization of intersectoral collaboration is
one of the most important tasks of national economy and the key task of
strategic management.
II.
Statement
Intersectoral
collaboration is realized in many ways. Most popular ways of attracting
non-budget funds in intersectoral collaboration are government-business
partnership and fundraising - a process of attracting funds of various social
entities: government, business, public organizations, action groups, citizens
to a project [1]. To be more exact, fundraising is activity providing stable
funding allowing a nonprofit organization to fulfill its' mission [2].
In the Vladimir region
the following projects are being realized on the basis of government-business
partnership: heat supply system development in Vladimir and in the Vladimir
region - the project of housing and communal services; long term program
"Clean water"; construction of poultry complex in Kameshkovo;
creation of agro-industrial park "Stavrovsky" in Stavrovo.
The government of the
region collaborates with nonprofit organizations, 1500 of which exist in the
region [3]. The government of the region supports socially oriented non-profit
organization with subsidies, grants, communal service payments, pecuniary aid,
information, consulting, property and organizational help. In 2012 915.6
thousands rubles were paid as subsidies, 1.63 millions of rubles were paid as
grants on a competitive basis, 765.071 thousands rubles were paid for communal
service for non-profit organizations. Property help was provided in the form of
free of charge lease or lease with minimal payments of premises, vehicles and
equipment.
In 2012 the long term
program "Supporting socially oriented nonprofit organizations of the
Vladimir region in 2013-2016" was approved in the region. Due to this
program the whole amount of funding will be 33,192.6 thousands rubles [4].
Although there is
experience in collaboration between government, business and nonprofit
organizations, there are not so many examples of collaboration between all the
three sectors in the region.
A good example of
collaboration between government, business and nonprofit organizations is a
warming station for homeless people, where homeless people are offered nor only
food and medical aid but help with obtaining documents, getting a job at an
agricultural enterprise or construction as well. This project was initiated by
entrepreneur E. Sigunov and supported by the Administration of the Vladimir
region and the Vladimir branch of RANEPA.
III.
Results
Despite of existing
examples of usage of intersectoral collaboration, it is still too early to talk
about the efficiency of collaboration because of the following reasons:
government tends to participate in one time projects; business lacks social
responsibility; nonprofit organizations do not have much influence.
Intersectoral collaboration should be developed using new instruments as well.
A modern innovative
instrument of funding is crowdfunding (crowdfunding as a particular case of
crowdsourcing), which is widely used abroad.
The terms
“crowdsourcing” and “crowdfunding” appeared almost simultaneously in 2006
thanks to Jeff Howe, who has discovered the advantages of new instruments in
his works [6]. Using these instruments funding is attracted to creative projects
in the sphere of art, literature, new technologies, design etc. and during the
last time in the sphere of funding startups as well [7].
Crowdsourcing now is
funding project using the Internet. Sponsors are those who have money. Mass
media are supervising the projects. They pick interesting project, calculate
the budget and offer anyone to participate in the funding [7].
The crowdfunding market
abroad is growing rapidly. The most interesting crowdfunding resources are
Kickstarter.com; Indiegogo.com; Couses.com; IamScientist.com [8]. In 2011 the
crowdsourcing resources reported income increase of 75%. 60% of income was
received from working with small companies and startups [8]. In 2012 2.7
billion dollars were gathered, which is 81% more than in 2011. Due to the
forecast in 2013 5.1 billion dollars are expected to be gathered, which is
twice as much as the number in 2012 [9].
Crowdsourcing
(crowdfunding) is developing in CIS countries and in Russia. In the CIS
countries the following examples exist: the “RosPil” project, the analogs of
kickstarter – “S miru po nitke”, “Time to start” and IT-rockout [9],
Startwithme.Ru [1]. The most famous crowdfunding sources in Russia are
Boomstarter and Planeta, which appeared in the middle of 2012, RuStarter and the
group Russians on Kickstarter in Facebook [9]. The pioneer of share
crowdfunding in Russia is StartMarket.net, which is intended for quite big
investors (the minimum sum is 30 thousands rubles).
Within the Manufacturing
System of Sberbank there are 2 platforms for crowdfunding projects: “Ideas
exchange” – the resource available to all the employees of the bank, which is
intended for working with innovations within the bank and www.sberbank21.ru
which offers customers to take part in the projects of the bank. The
participant offered 175,000 ideas for the banks’ work improvement. The effect
of the ideas exceeded 50 billion rubles [10].
A good example of
crowdsourcing usage by the government was the election of Sochi Olympic Games
2014 talisman, street names, city names, names for bridges etc. To some extend
crowdsourcing elements exist in the governmental resources in the runet, which
are intended for discussion of the law projects (GosBook, Gosdiscuss etc) [11].
It will require a lot of
efforts to develop efficient implementation of innovative instruments of
intersectoral collaboration in Russia, but the advantages of these instruments,
especially crowdsourcing, are indisputable: the possibility to attract funding
without a bank, venture fund or exchange; transparency of the usage of funding;
democratization of investment activity; low costs; avoiding losing funding to
foreign projects abroad via Internet; the possibility to salve problem fast
etc.
Russian crowdsourcing
(crowdfunding) platforms should implement fair principles, clear to the
participants, attract highly professional teams for realizing projects based on
certain laws, salving technological and tax problems, dealing with electronic
payments regulation questions etc. [12].
R. Petrova and I.
Simento expect that in the future a decision on financing almost any social
project may be taken in the Internet. It will be possible to track any earned
ruble and to send this ruble to salving any problem, which everyone will
consider important. Obligatory payments will remain but only for those
services, which cannot be funded jointly – for example, defense [13].
This is not a tomorrow
or the day after tomorrow perspective, but the perspective of economic
development in an innovative way using instruments of intersectoral
collaboration such as crowdsourcing is evident.
Literature
1.
Crowdfunding of the business model
“Kovrovie” kommunikacii”. Notes of a technological startup about fundraising
and crowdfunding in the time of Internet [electronic resource] - http://el-business.ucoz.ru/publ/biznes_modeli/kraudfanding/5-1-0-107
2.
T.V. Artemieva, G.L. Tulchinsky
Fundraising: attracting funding to projects and programs in the sphere of
culture and education. St. Petersburg●Moscow●Krasnodar. “Lan’”
Publishers; “PLANETA MUSIKI” Publishers, 2010, 286 pages. [electronic resource]
-http://www.hse.ru/data/2011/02/22/1208880612/Book_Fundraising_Predvarit%20Tulchinsky_AVTORU.pdf
3.
The report of the Chamber of Commons
of the Vladimir region “On the state of the civic society of the Vladimir
region in 2012” Vladimir [electronic resource] -
http://www.palatavo.ru/uploads/pblc/files/820.pdf
4.
The Rostov region law changes
monitoring for the year 2013. [electronic resource] - http://www.garant.ru/hotlaw/rostov/archive/2010/
5.
K. Ilyina Incubator for nonprofit
organizations. Will it appear in the region 33? [electronic resource] - http://www.vedom.ru/life/view/30930/
6.
Crowdsourcing in the governmental
sector: innovation for civic society. [electronic resource] - http://www.fbk.ru/library/recommendations/
crowdsoursing
7.
Crowdfunding or a chance for
self-realization and for realization of your project. [electronic resource] -
http://www.volhv33.ru/obzory/950-craft-finding-
8.
Why crowdfunding and crowdsourcing
are important for business? [electronic resource] http://crowdsourcing.ru/article/smallbusinesstrends
9.
What is crowdfunding? [electronic
resource] - http://crowdsourcing.ru/article/what_is_the_crowdfunding
10.
The third innovation forum of Sberbank took place [electronic
resource] - http://bankir.ru/novosi/s/sostoyalsya-iii-innovatsionnyi-forum-sberbanka-10045467/
11.
Innovations-21-Crowdsourcing [electronic resource] - http://sb-crowd.crowdexpert.ru/book/node/complex/169
12.
Crowdsourcing platform SEEDASIA
[electronic resource] - http:///crowdsourcing.ru›sites/138 êîï
13.
RuStarter – crowdfunding in Russia.
[electronic resource] - http://rustarter-club.livejournal.com/