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Медицина/ 11. История медицины

PhD. Demochko A.l.

Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine

Ambulance in Kharkiv in the 20s of the ХХ century

After the October Revolution «Society of ambulance in Kharkiv», which was happened in 1910 of the initiative of Ivan Obolensky, was nationalized. The station of ambulance was submitted to People's Commissariat of Health [1, p. 3]. According to sources, the position of the senior doctor was renamed to chief medical officer. This position held Mykola Molokhov [2, p. 109; 3, p. 23]. But in the archive’s sources in 1920 we can write: «Mykola Molokhov – the senior doctor, head of the station» [4, pp. 15, 17]. For these reasons we can see, that his position not changed. Namely his efforts the station of ambulance kept own building, the part of equipment in the civil war. And the most important, that station’s staff was kept [4, p. 15].

At the beginning of 20-th twenty people began to work at the station. These were 1 head of the station, 1 office assistant, 8 medical orderlies, 2 coachmen and 1 cook. They had only 2 coaches [5, p. 28]. In a difficult time of ruin the station’s staff didn’t receive salary more than five month, but they didn’t quit job. In 1925 the station got first auto – Italian «Lancia» [3, p. 27]. The seats in auto were dismantled; in this place were mounted special stretcher and one seat for the doctor. So, station’s transport was included two coaches with a horse and one automobile, which worked in a peak hour – from 12.00 p.m. to 20.00 p.m. six days in a week. Only one driver was in the station.

The informing to Kharkiv’s people about the rules of call to ambulance was very important, that so valuable service was rendered at first people, whose life could stopped in this moment. The rules of call were published in the pages of local newspapers and many years they were unchanged:

• to ambulance could called in time, when was happened accident or sudden hard disease;

• ambulance worked around the clock and took a medical care everyone, who needed it. Earlier, a coach didn’t ride to drunken patients, infectious patients and to private flat;

• the doctor to provide only emergency care, after that patient could go to the hospital;

• the person, who called to ambulance, had say own surname and met the coach near the house or flat, that doctors didn’t waste time;

• the person, who called to ambulance in vain or told untrue information about patient, paid a fine – 25 carbovanets’ or was arrested for up to 7 days [6, p. 24 ; 7, p. 9].

The work of ambulance was much tensed, but reason of lack of transport ambulance could fulfill only 50 percent from all of calls [8, p. 37; 9, p. 76]. Every year the number of calls has grown steadily. For example, in 1925/1926 were done 3016 visits, in 1926/1927 – 3884, in 1927/1928 – 7848, аnd in 1928/1929 – 15593 visits [6, p. 7; 10, p. 45]. In 1928-1929 denials to visit were 70 % percent [11, p. 23]. It should be noted that many visits were done without need. [12, p. 19]. Let us say, in 1929 were done 623 visits without need. It reduced the level of emergency care to residents of the city. In addition, to the inspectorate of health care in Kharkiv always received information, that ambulance brought to the hospital a person, who didn’t need a medical care. So, to checkup a patient ambulance had a hospital, but it didn’t work. As previously, auto didn’t ride to infection patient, because after that auto set to disinfection and it couldn’t ride to patient [13, p. 9].

Since 1928 night duties were eliminated in 2-nd, 6-th, 7-th and 9-th hospitals. So, demand to ambulance was increased [10, p. 45]. In this time coaches were changed to automobile. The station of ambulance gained 3 truck «MSA», one «Cadillac» and 2 passenger cars. Only «MSA» were new and worked from 1927, other cars were faulty and more time were repaired. With new cars the level of medical cares up to 89 percent [10, p. 45].

In 1930 emergency care was only with automobile. The station of ambulance bought 4 new cars [14, p. 19]. Henceforward, all places to urgently patient in the 1st hospital were given to patient from ambulance.

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оп. 1. (1917-1925 гг.)

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оп.1

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оп.1

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