Филологические науки/7. Язык, речь, речевая коммуникация

Cand.Sci.(Philology) Dantsevich L.G., Mikeshova G. P., Sirotenko T.V.

Odessa National Polytechnic University, Ukraine

APPROACHES TO STUDYING GRAMMATICAL LINKS OF VERBS IN THE TEXTS OF SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION

In modern numerous researches authors mark out the following types of word combinations: semantic, lexical (phraseological and stylistic within them), syntactic, morphological, combinality of phonemes and even kinakemes (primary phonologic units) [3, 9-11]. Herewith, they proceed from belonging of units to various levels of the language, and also from the conditions and features of unit combinations only in some one aspect.

So, for example, stylistic combinality reveals opportunities and conditions of emergence of new or additional shades of the word meaning depending on a speech situation [3, page 32]. Semantic combinality reveals conditions of semantic agreement/ non-agreement of words, their semantic selection [8, p. 45]. Besides, depending on the units belonging to certain lexical-grammatical classes of words they mark out combinality of verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. [7, 13].

The research of the combinatory features of language units is topical for all levels of the language, but the research of word combinations – the main unit of the language, which represents phonetic, morphological, lexical-grammatical whole and therefore can be characterized from each of these aspects – is of special value and importance.

Studying combinatory properties of a word in its lexical and grammatical aspects reflects its nature as a lexical-grammatical unit [15, p. 15]. Each word as a lexical-grammatical unit can enter lexical-semantic and grammatical connections with other words, being characterized in this case by a certain set of grammatical and lexical links.

The research of word combinations in the lexical aspect (lexical combinality) is traditionally carried out taking into account lexical-semantic links of the combined words which (links) depend on the lexical meaning of these words [5, p. 28].

Syntactic links determine the combinations of words in the grammatical aspect. To explain the regularities of combinations in the grammatical aspect, the most important issue is the one of the connections of words.

Considering grammatical links of words in the sentence we can take into account the morphological forms of the combined words, and define such ways of word connections as agreement, government and adjoinment [12, p. 74]. On their basis morphological-syntactic combinality or combinality of word classes is marked out. [5, p. 34].

Proceeding from the syntactic functions of the combined words they say about connections between sentence parts, for example, subject – predicate, predicate – object, etc.) [6, p.p. 238-239]. In this case combinality of sentence parts is marked out.

Another approach in defining word connections in the sentence is used when we consider the nature of the relationships between the connected words: interdependence, unilateral dependence and free dependence [2, p. 159]. On this basis the subordinating, coordinating and predicative connections are established.

These three types of connections have a very generalized character since they point only at the existence or absence of domination between the combined words. They reflect the most general character of the relations: relations of subordination, coordination and predication. For example, a noun can enter the predicative relation with a verb in a finite form, with an adjective – in subordinating, with a noun – in subordinating and coordinating. The verb is capable to enter the predicative relation to a noun, nonfinite forms of the verb (infinitive and gerund), a subordinate clause, an adjective, an adverb, a numeral; in subordinating – to a noun, adjective, adverb; in coordinating – to a verb.

In this article there are examples from the text corpus of the sublanguage of scientific communication "Electronics", in which all types of links – subordinating, coordinating and predicative - were investigated.

Subordinating links are characterized by disparity of the units, i.e. dependence of one of the components on the other one. They are divided into kernel and adjunctive ones depending on the status of the analyzed word: whether it is an active, governing component of the combination or on the contrary – dependent, governed [4, p. 35]. There are some examples from the sublanguage "Electronics". The example of the kernel link: … Every machine includes a cassette flip out button - we observe the kernel link for the verb includes which governs the noun button, for the noun machine, which the word every depends on, and also for the noun button , which the words cassette and flip out submit to. The adjunctive connection is traced for the word every, which depends on the noun machine; button, which submits to the verb includes, and also for the words cassette and flip out depending on the word button.

The coordinating link is characterized by absence of any domination between the words connected grammatically. It is considered that between two or several words in the sentence there is a coordinating link if each of them is connected by an identical (subordinating or predicative) link with the word common for them [1, p. 122-123]. For example, in the sentence The central unit contains adequate hardware and software to process the engine data it collects … the words hardware and software are connected with each other by the coordinating link as each of them is subordinated to the third word contains.

The predicative link is interdependence existing between the subject and the predicate [13, p. 76-77]. For example, in the sentence The current flows from negative to positive the words current and flows are considered equally dominating under this approach.

Thus, it is possible to come to the conclusions that subordinating, coordinating and predicative links characterize the most general signs of the relationships between the combined units without differentiation of their semantics and syntactic meaning.

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