Stanislav
Terlych, engineer
Kherson
Branch of the National University of Shipbuilding after admiral Makarov
Economic substantiation of improvement of installation of cabins for
non-selfpropelled courts
In
modern conditions of managing of mutual relation of the customers, executors
and consumers are based on the laws of the market. The wives to have the
economic rules to be adjusted by the legislation. The important role in
regulation of market mutual relation should be played by the state and, first
of all, there where the state acts as the customer of carried out jobs.
Including the state should have an opportunity to influence and a price level
of reserved production, by means of creation of the appropriate legislative and
normative certificates on formation of the prices, through release under the
legislative instructive-methodological documentation both interbank, and branch
level, as in any branch can be and there are specific conditions formation of
the prices. The ship-building branch, in this connection, has the brightly
expressed specificity. Construction or repair of courts the participations of
various categories of the industrial - industrial personnel of the enterprise
require wide interfactory cooperation of attraction of the large number of the
contractors [1].
In
connection with the specified features in shipbuilding and ship repairing
formation of the prices, basically, the method of account of expenses under
separate clauses of the forthcoming charges is used. Formation of premises,
except for mentioned above, has also specificity connected that at repair even
of two courts of one project and identical kind of repair volume of repair work
on each of them will be various [2].
One of
basic clauses of accounting in the estimate of expenses is wages, and first of
all - the basic wages of the industrial workers, i.e. workers and experts
directly participating during manufacture and which basic wages can by the
direct direct bill be referred to the cost price of a concrete under repair
vessel. In structure of same clause the industrial input of repair of a vessel
- complex technical and economic parameter of an estimation of industrial
expenses is underlined.
The
industrial input of repair of a vessel is defined by various methods during
technological preparation of manufacture of the enterprise for repair. One of
working methods is a definition of industrial input on the basis of the
statistical data on expenditures of industrial before the courts, repaired at
the enterprise. It is supposed to use these expenditures of industrial,
according to the instruction on formation of the prices, as initial authentic
base at accounts of the price of courts, accepted in repair. However analysis,
carried out(spent) by us, has shown, that in today's conditions statistical
given on industrial input of repair before the repaired courts it is not always
correct to use as initial base, we have no in view of a here obsolescence of
norms of time, on the basis of which the statistical data are generated. It is
connected to a rule, in which have appeared shipbuilding of the enterprise
after reorganization and disintegration of economic communications in the
country, and with absence of due financing of necessary jobs [3]. Now
shipbuilding industry of the enterprise is compelled to resort to the
following:
Ø to find
opportunities to make repair before the replaced furnishing equipment, in view
of absence of its delivery;
Ø part of jobs which
are carried out. Earlier by the enterprises to carry out by own forces;
Ø to increase expenditures
of industrial by auxiliary jobs on maintenance safe,
Ø parking of a
vessel, in connection with increase of term of repair in comparison with
established;
Ø in view of absence
of an opportunity to get for manufacturing details and products of mechanical
engineering of preparation with established admission on processing to use for
these purposes available at the enterprise illiquid preparations with raised,
etc [3].
All set
forth above, entails increase of industrial input of jobs of the repair sheet
and excludes an opportunity of use statistical given on industrial input before
the repaired courts as authentic initial base at formation of the price of
courts, accepted in repair. Thus it is necessary to note, what not always
increase of industrial input entails increase of the price as a whole on repair
of a vessel. It is necessary to consider and to redistribute expenses under
other clauses of accounting in view of the contents and structure of jobs of
the compared repair sheets. From the reasons, mentioned above in at present
clause, of change of industrial input first two yet do not speak about
unambiguity of increase of the price of repair, i.e. the increase of expenses,
including industrial, on repair of the equipment is compensated to a greater or
lesser extent by reduction of financial expenses under clause of the charges
" Purchase of furnishing products " [2]. Same it is possible to say
and about contracts of job. The third and fourth reason speak about unequivocal
increase both industrial input, and price.
The
specified objective reasons of necessary increase of industrial input cladding
of premises in modern conditions are basically temporary and are connected to a
complex economic situation in the country. However, this circumstance and that
a number of the reasons will stay constant in conditions of market mutual
relation, force to look at a problem of operative authentic definition of
industrial input again.
For
today in branch there are various techniques, developed earlier by research
institutes, of operative account of industrial input forming of premises in
most cases based on a parametrical method. These techniques nor take into
account of new conditions of managing and the account of industrial input of
repair on them gives the obviously underestimated meaning. And, understating as
well as overestimate of industrial input of forthcoming jobs on repair of
courts, have the negative consequences. First of all is a understating or
overestimate of necessary financial expenses. And that and another in present,
complex economic conditions is bad. The overestimate is an absolutely
inadmissible dispersion of financial assets. The understating also has a
number(line) of negative consequences:
Ø the unsufficient
financing it will be simply impossible to execute established amount of works
up to the end;
Ø with the purpose of
maintenance of end of repair of the given vessel, it is necessary to add
volumes of financing, removing them from the distributed(allocated) volumes on
repair of other courts;
Ø the redistribution
of volumes of financing increases terms of repair both given, and other vessel;
Ø the shortage of
financing terms of delivery of the furnishing equipment for repair of a vessel
in interfactory cooperation can be broken, the industrial rhythm of the enterprises
- contractors is broken;
Ø the increase of
duration of premises, in turn, causes occurrence of additional expenses
connected to increase them on service of a under repair vessel (fuel and energy
resources, amortisation deductions, expense of a durty-log service etc.).
Ø can be and number
of other consequences. So it is necessary to do for correction of a situation!
The
decision of Government of Russian Federation now creates " the Russian
agency on shipbuilding". The agency is a federal body of the executive
authority ensuring realization of state politics in the field of a
ship-building industry. We consider, that the special attention in job of
agency should be given to technical and economic politics directed on decrease of cumulative expenses of construction and
cladding of premises. The place should borrow both problem of definition and
management of industrial expenses at repair of courts. And be decided(solved)
this problem owes within the framework of the Russian agency on shipbuilding as
follows:
By
processing existing and development again of uniform methodical documentation
establishing methods of definition, structure, purpose and order of use of a
technical and economic parameter premises - industrial input, having
coordinated all with performance of the state order in market conditions of
managing;
By
processing of existing techniques of operative definition of industrial input
cladding of premises, having resulted their modern conditions of performance of
jobs;
By
development of the integrated complex norms of time on the certain structure of
a material part of courts of the given project and kind of repair, having
coordinated them with progressive technology and organization of performance of
jobs, with creation of a special rule about the order of use of these norms;
By
development or processing of other norms and specifications of time of a
various level of integration etc.
The
specified jobs should be executed by institutes of technology which are
included in structure of the Russian agency on shipbuilding, to correspond to uniform price politics of agency. The
development of the specified documentation will allow agency to supply uniform
politics in definition of industrial input of jobs on repair of courts which
are carried out by the state order. That the industrial input of repair
directly is connected to process of formation of the price of repair work, the
authentic definition of industrial input for the account her in drawing up of
the estimate of expenses will allow the state customer:
At
realization of competition on attain of the order to choose the most favorable
executor of jobs;
On
submitted by the enterprises to meanings of industrial input to make an
estimation of a production efficiency on plants the enterprises;
Taking into
account reliability of definition of industrial input in the estimate of
expenses to avoid inefficient use of the selected financial assets;
Using
existing methodology formation of the prices to create for the enterprises -
executors incentive motives to decrease of the cost price of carried out jobs.
Last
requires separate conversation special study and consideration.
Conclusions
1. Statistical given on industrial input before
the repaired courts to use as initial base at account of industrial input forming
of premises accepted in repair now, it is incorrect.
2. The methodical documentation by definition of
industrial developed in branch earlier, is obsolete and is unsuitable for
account of industrial input used during formation of the forming of premises.
3. In connection with the again usual conditions
for operation of the enterprises, it is necessary to process or to develop
again methodical documentation of branch on structure and contents, methods of
definition, account and use of industrial input,
As
complex technical and economic parameter rooms cladding at the enterprises.
4. The
creation of the methodical documentation on definition of industrial input of
premises will allow customer most effectively to place the order, to exclude
unreasonable expenses for repair of courts, and enterprises - executors of jobs
to create incentive motives to decrease of the cost price forming of premises.
Literature:
1.
Surface Ships for the Navies of the World // HANSA
International Maritime Journal. - 1997. - № 8. - P. 20-31.
2. Terlych S.
Dependence strength characteristics elements of modular sewing of not
self-propelled courts from the basic technological parameters of process are
sharp and flexible / Terlych S., Alexeeva I. // Результати ХIІ Міжнародної науково-технічної конференції «Нові
сталі та сплави і методи їх обробки для підвищення надійності виробів»,
Запоріжжя, ЗНТУ. – С. 73-76.
3. Terlych
S. The monitoring system parameters at manufacturing and installation of elements modular cladding of
non-self-propelled floating structures / Terlych S. Матеріали І Міжнародної
науково-технічної конференції «Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці. –
Миколаїв: НУК. – С. 25-28.