Necessary measures on the intercalation of moisture preserving and

resource-saving technologies in rice-growing farms of Kyzylorda region

Kali Bektanov

Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University (Kazakhstan)

In Kyzylorda oblast the average level of irrigation water on rice fields consists 20-22sm., instead of the proper 10-15 sm. The surplus of irrigation water on rice fields with irrigation system is one of the reasons of the irrigation lands’ meliorative state impairment and impacts on the recession of productivity and increase of irrigation water norms and vegetative period. The main reason of the high level of irrigation water on rice fields with irrigation system is the uneven surface on rice fields. Within the practice The precision of the rice fields’ planned work should be at about ±2-3sm. The area of rice fields, planned up to ±3sm. should not be lower than 95% from the general area of rice fields. The area of rice fields, planned up to ± 5sm. should not be higher than 5% from the general area of rice fields. But in fact in many rice-growing farms the diversion from the norms of the planned work of rice fields’ grounds is higher for 10-12sm. It is impossible to save the needed depth of the water level in such case. Thus unsatisfied state of the surface of rice field with irrigation system is thought to be the main factor of bounding the rice productivity and increasing the use of irrigation water. On improperly-planned rice field irrigation water overruns 6-10 thousand cubic meters more for per hectare. The advantages of rice fields with irrigation system planned up to ±3sm. are the followings:

- rice grows faster and matures similarly on rice fields;

- on rice fields the level of pollution is low;

- the economy of the irrigation water;

- on the high places the level of salinization decreases;

- the optimal use of mineral fertilizers and the effectiveness of agronomic and technical methods increases;

- the condition of the header and pickers becomes better, thus it helps to reduce the loss of rice;

- the deformation of the surface of the rice field with irrigation system and soil treatment reduces;

- there are appear good conditions for the growth of another cultures.

Thus, in order to gain successful implementation of the proposed technology we need to make a complicated or operating planning of rice field with irrigation water. The planning of the fields is performed by an instrumental and a control survey in the autumn before plowland or spring before sowing. During complex or operating planning of rice field with irrigation system it is used the laser planner which works up to the planned ±2.0-2.5 sm.

Nowadays in Kyzylorda oblast’ we use the laser planner «Mara» of the Italian production.