Podolskay O.A.

Yelets State Ivan Bunin University, Russia

Specifics of development of teenage age.

Teenage age is one of crisis stages in formation of the identity of the person. It is characterized by a number of specific features. It is the age of cardinal transformations "in the sphere of consciousness, activity and system of relationship. This stage is characterized by the rapid growth of a person, organism formation in the course of puberty that has noticeable impact on psychophysiological features of a teenager. The basis of formation of new psychological and personal qualities is made of communication during different types of activity – education, production, creative occupations, etc." [3].

At this age aspirations to maturity manifestation, consciousness and self-assessment development, interest to the personality, to the opportunities and abilities are natural. In the absence of conditions for positive realization of the potentials processes of self-affirmation can be shown in the distorted forms, lead to adverse reactions and consequences.

According to L.S. Vygotsky, features of course and duration of teenage age considerably vary depending on a society level of development that exactly at teenage age influence of the environment on development of thinking gains the special importance.

E. Shpranger in his cultural and psychological concept defined teenage age as the age of growing into culture: growing of individual mentality into objective and standard spirit of this era. In his opinion, the main new growths of teenage age are opening "I", reflection emergence, awareness of the identity.

V. Shtern described teenage age as intermediate between children's game and adult's serious responsible activity.

According to D.B. Elkonin, "the central new growth of teenage age is the emergence of idea of as "not about the child"; the teenager starts feeling an adult, seeks to be and be considered as the adult, he rejects the belonging to children, but he still has no feeling of an original maturity, but there is a huge need for recognition of his maturity by people around" [2, с.300].

T.V. Dragunova notes the following manifestations in development of a maturity in the teenager: imitation external signs of the adult; alignment of boys on qualities of the real man; social maturity; intellectual maturity, etc. [1, с.121].

The central problem of the period of a growing is the search of personal identity – "the feeling of self-identity, own validity, full value, participation to the world and other people".

D.I. Feldstein emphasizes that social maturing of the person, structuring its self-knowledge and self-determination as actively operating subject is defined by transformation of a common position "I in relation to society" on two positions coming in stead each other "I in society" and "I and society".

The most important factor of development of the identity of the teenager is his own big activity directed on assimilation of certain samples and values, on creation of the satisfying relations with adults and contemporaries, on himself.

During more than half a century there is a dispute on a role of the biological and social moments in the emergence of the phenomena of critical development in the teenage period. This problem finds the decision in case the teenager is in a comfortable situation for him, under unostentatious control, with systematic observance of rules and standards of behavior.

Existence of the various directions in development of a maturity is defined by distinction in samples on which the teenager equals in acquisition of lines of a maturity. Orientation to certain samples in many respects defines the maintenance of being formed vital values, the general direction in formation of the identity of the teenager.

The important direction in development of a maturity is connected with development of substantial interests and formation on the future. It increases from aspiration of the teenager to fill up the knowledge and abilities with rather valuable information. It stimulates the development of the informative activity the contents of which goes beyond the school program. In the teenage period there is a formation of a dominating orientation of informative interests.

The analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature showed that the teenage period is transitional in every respect. It is considered the most favorable for continuation of full development of bases of moral with humanity and spirituality positions. During this period there is an active process of the consciousness, received knowledge is acquired personal sense, there is an active assimilation of moral installations of society, high "openness" to emotional influences, the system of the relations between all participants of process is reconstructed.

The teenage age is time when a child himself has to set the purposes and carry out them in operation. The goal-setting becomes the most important factor of assimilation of public experience. Formation of this component of activity provides intellectual and social development of the personality.

Thus, processes of teenage age have an applied character. Gained experience of creation of relationship forms the principles of development of internal processes which lead to registration of independent judgments, defines stability of views, estimates, the system of creation of relationship of the teenager to world around and to itself is selected.

Literature:

1 . Darvish O. B. Age psychology. – M., 2003.

2 . Obuhova L.F. Children (age) psychology. - M., 1996.

3 . Shevandrin N.I. Social psychology in education. – M., 1995.