Technical
science
Candidate of technical Sciences Salykova O.S
Костананайский state University. A.
Baitursynov
Classification GIS
The rapid development of geo-information technologies has led to the
fact that today in the Kazakhstani market a large number of organizations with
software for GIS projects. Software programs are divided into five main classes
used. The first most functionally complete class of software is instrumental
GIS. This software is designed for various types of tasks: to input the information,
its storage, processing complex information requests, solve spatial analytical
tasks, build derived maps and schemes and, finally, for the preparation of the
conclusion on the hard copy of the original models of cartographic and
schematic products. Instrumental GIS support work, as with bitmap and vector
images, have a built-in database for digital base and attribute information or
support to store attribute information one of the popular databases: Paradox,
Access, Oracle, and other Most-developed products have the system run time,
which allow to optimize the capabilities required for a particular task and
reduce duplication created with their help, help systems. The second important
class - GIS viewers, there are software products that make use of the created
using instrumental GIS databases. GIS viewers provide the user with extremely
limited possibilities to replenish databases. All GIS viewers included tools of
database queries that perform operations positioning and zoom map images.
Viewers are always part of a medium or large projects, enabling you to save
costs on the part of the creation of jobs, not endowed with the rights of
replenishment of the database. The third class is a reference mapping systems
(SCS). They combine storage and most of the possible kinds of visualization of
spatially distributed information. System significantly limit the ability of
the user to Supplement embedded databases. Their update is of a cyclical nature
and is usually done by the supplier SCS surcharge. The fourth class of software
tools spatial modelling. The task is to model the spatial distribution of
different parameters. They rely on tools such as the matrix data and supplied
with advanced means of visualization. Is the availability of tools to conduct a
variety of operations on spatial data (addition, multiplication, calculation of
derivatives and other operations). The fifth class is a special means of
processing and interpretation of data sounding of the earth. This includes
packages for processing images with a different mathematical device, allowing
to carry out operations on scanned or recorded in the form of digital images of
the earth's surface. In addition to the five classes there are still a variety
of software tools, manipulating with spatial information. These are such
products, as a means of treatment of field geodetic observations (packages,
providing interaction with GPS-receivers, electronic тахометрами, нивелирами and other automated surveying equipment), means of navigation and
software solutions to more narrow subject tasks (surveys, ecology, hydrology
and other). There are other principles of classification of software:
applications, cost, support of a certain type (or types) of operating systems,
computing platforms (PC, workers Unix workstations) and t d