Tulenov A.T., Gorskaya N.A., Seydaliev N.T., Svanova D.B., Gorskiy P.S.

M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University

Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan

Influence of climatic and road conditions of south regions of Kazakhstan upon the work of motor transport

Standards of maintenance and car- repairing are of considerable importance for implementation of reliability laid in car- making with minimum expenses in exploitation that consider influence of exploitation conditions.

The creation of such standards is possible on the basis of statistical reliable data about exploitation of automobiles with various intensities and under different climatic and road conditions.

With the purpose of data collection about influence of climatic and road conditions upon the work of automobiles there arose necessity of organization under control exploitation of lorries-dump trucks KamAZ in the highway engineering of south regions of Kazakhstan.

It is well-known that road dust penetrates into the engine when automobile moves which is the main reason of abrasive-mechanical weariness. The percentage of weariness from dust penetrating varies from 33, 9% to 78% [1].

Air dust, that automobile causes going along different roads, can be fluctuated from 1 to 1000 mg/m³ and higher. In average, when automobile goes along the asphalt-paved road, the content of dust in air is about 15 mg/m³ in summer conditions, and it is to 6000 mg/m³ when automobile goes along the dirt road. About 13g of dust penetrates into the engine of ZMZ-53 in 8 hours of continuous movement of the automobile with air dust 50 mg/m³ and the degree of air purification by air filter 98%. It is determined by the researches that diesel KamAZ-740 breaks down completely within 20 hours because of its main components weariness, if it operated on the oil with 250g of dust additive. In order to have 250g of dust in oil of engine, it is enough to refuel system from slop pail that is kept in the body of automobile.

Weariness of components of cylinder-reciprocating groups of engines was examined under tougher conditions of exploitation on the work of automobile in open pits with the high rate of air dust [2]. Under such circumstances the intensity of cylinder weariness can be reached catastrophic sizes. Two engines of GAS-53 broke down on the work of automobiles in Kyzyl-Orda open pits because of completely components weariness of cylinder-reciprocating groups after 12 000 km mileage with average weariness intensity of cylinder sleeves 24 mkm to each 1000km of mileage.

At the same time in open pits with lower dust loading, in spite of tougher conditions of engines, the cylinders weariness intensity is considerably lower. On the exploitation of lorries ZIL-MMZ-555 in different open pits of Moscow region weariness intensity of cylinder sleeves was about 1,4-3,7mkm to 1000km of mileage.

Hot climate zone of Kazakhstan is characterized by high air temperature, smaller duration of period with temperature lower than 0⁰C, lower relative moisture, big density of solar radiation, presence of gale and dust storm where exploited under control group of lorries.

In dry summer months on the roads, that do not have hard covering, in calm periods the concentration of dust reaches 1,5-2g/m³ on the movement of lorries with close spacing between them.

In areas of alkali soil in road dust is considerable concentration of salt that causes intensified corrosion of components besides abrasive tear and wear.

Main climatic parameters of some typical populated areas of Kazakhstan are given in Table 1, and in Table 2 is radiation rate of zone, where under control group of transport is exploited.

Table 1

Main climatic parameters of populated areas of Republic of Kazakhstan

Populated areas	Exterior air temperature		Average speed movement of air in the hottest month, m/s	Period duration with temperature lower than 0^0C, a day	Average month relative moisture of air in the hottest month,%
	Absolute	The hottest months average
Almaty	42	30,8	2,2	113	35
Aktobinsk	42	29,3	3,9	157	35
Ak-kydyk	47	35,7	3,1	-	-
Betpak- Dala	46	33,4	4,5	-	-
Atiray	45	31,5	4,8	129	33
Taraz	44	29,9	2,8	105	30
Kyzyl-Kym	46	36,8	4,4	-	-
Kyzyl-Orda	46	33,4	4,0	121	23
Turkestan	46	36,2	4,4	67	17
Arkalik	43	30,8	4,5	154	32
Uralsk	42	29,7	4,0	152	37
Shymkent	46	34,1	3,5	91	21
Chardara	47	37,4	3,0	-	17

Table 2

Radiation rate of zone of transport exploitation

Months	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII
Solar radiation, kal/cm^2	4180	5430	8370	12940	15720	13520	20190	18240	13710	9020	5560	3860

In this way exploitation of vehicles in south regions of Kazakhstan is taking place under unfavorable climatic conditions about what the distribution diagram of cylinder weariness of engines is evidence (fig 1, fig 2, fig 3, fig 4) and exposure of numerical sense that characterize technical-operational index in concrete exploitation conditions is of great practical interest.

Figure 1 Weariness of engine cylinder sleeves ZIL-130

Figure 2 Weariness of engine cylinder sleeves YaMZ-236

Figure 3 Weariness of engine cylinder sleeves KamAZ-740

Bibliography

1. Zhdanovsky N. S., Reliability and durability of engines of motor and tractors/N.S. Zhdanovsky, A.V. Nikolaenko.-L.:Kolos, 1981.-295p.

2. The growth of wear resistance of internal combustion engines: Collected articles/ Edited by M. M. Hrysheva.-M.: Mechanical engineering, 1972.-176p.

3. Building climatology and geophysics. – SNandP 2.01.82-M.: 1983.