Ecology
/ 6. Ecological monitoring
Belonogova V.D., Vlasov A.S., Kuritsyn A.V..
State-financed
educational organization of high professional education «Perm state
pharmaceutical academy», Russian Ministry of public health and social
development, Russia
Ecological Monitoring Of Wild-Growing Medicinal Plants
In Perm Krai
All-round studying of element structure of medicinal
plants and medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM) is of interest not only because
of presence of complex of the major chemical elements influencing on various
reactions and processes of organism, but also in connection with critical
ecological conditions in many region[1, 2].
The Perm krai is one of the most attractive regions of
Russia on level of the resource potential including wild-growing medicinal
plants.
However, in the Perm krai there are no regular
researches of ecological safety and cleanliness of thickets of wild-growing
medicinal plants. Therefore researches on studying of ecological safety of MPRM
are actual[2].
The maintenance of microelements in a plant depends
first of all on soil-ecological conditions and chemical properties of these
microelements.
Transition macro- and microelements in medicinal forms
is well-known. In the greatest quantity manganese and zinc, in the least – iron
are taken in infusions and broths. The average maintenance of heavy metals in
water extraction decreases for microelements in a following number: cadmium>
zinc> lead> copper> iron[4].
The arrangement of thickets in all surveyed areas is
in a zone of anthropogenous influence that increases probability of preparation
of raw materials polluted by heavy metals. To the greatest anthropogenous
influence there are exposed meadow species such as origan and yarrow, and also
ruderal absinthium, to the least influence sylvatic species – a juniper and
Labrador tea marsh[2, 3].
Pollution degree of MPRM was detrmined by methodics of
State Pharmacopeia XI.
Considering that the raw materials of studied species
are used for reception extemporal medical products, definition of microelements
in MPRM has practical value.
We had been analysed 22 samples of MPRM collected in
Chusovskoy district the most ecologically adverse area of Perm krai where the
largest metallurgical industrial complex is located.
Results of definitions are presented in the table
Table
The standard and actual maintenance of heavy metals
and arsenic, mg/kg
|
|
Cadmium |
Copper |
Arsenic |
Lead |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
СанПиН
2.3.2.1078-01 (СанПиН 2.3.2.1280-03) for plant
biologically active food supplements |
1,0 |
|
0,5 |
6,0 |
|
СанПиН
42-123-4089-86 for vegetable and fruits |
0,03 |
5,0 |
0,2 |
0,5 |
|
Achillea
millefolium |
0,146 |
8,3 |
Not found |
1,5 |
|
Origanum
vulgare |
0,250 |
5,8 |
Not found |
6,1 |
|
Achillea
millefolium |
0,040 |
3,3 |
Not found |
0,74 |
|
Ledum
palustre |
0,179 |
10,9 |
0,028 |
0,99 |
|
Achillea
millefolium |
0,300 |
6,6 |
0,048 |
1,7 |
|
Achillea
millefolium |
0,220 |
6,0 |
Not found |
1,6 |
|
Achillea
millefolium |
0,240 |
5,6 |
Not found |
1,2 |
|
Origanum
vulgare |
0,180 |
4,3 |
Not found |
1,9 |
|
Origanum
vulgare |
0,260 |
5,6 |
Not found |
1,5 |
|
Origanum
vulgare |
0,310 |
7,3 |
Not found |
1,4 |
|
Origanum
vulgare |
0,290 |
8,0 |
Not found |
1,7 |
|
Origanum
vulgare |
0,230 |
4,0 |
Not found |
1,3 |
Note: «Not found» means that value is below a limit of
sensitivity of inspection method.
The analysis has shown all MPRM samples glutted the
requirements of СанПиН 2.3.2.1078-01 (СанПиН 2.3.2.1280-03 redaction) of the maintenance of cadmium, arsenic and
lead and didn`t meet the requirements of СанПиН 42-123-4089-86
of the maintenance of copper and lead but these indicators in vegetables and
fruits are calculated on crude weight and investigations of MPRM suppose using
of air-dried raw materials so these
terminal acceptable concentrations (TAC) have no objective disposition
concerning MPRM. Therefore TAC working out for MPRM out is necessary.
Researches have shown that all studied objects
accumulate heavy metals. The received concentration values of heavy metals and
arsenic vary depending on a place of growth and species of plant.
As a whole the analysis has shown that all thickets of
natural populations of investigated species concern to ecologically safely that
allows to conduct preparation of raw materials for needs of pharmaceutical
manufacture.
References:
1. Арзамасцев, А.П. Экология
и
фармация / А.П. Арзамасцев, С.А. Листов // Фармация. – 1990. - № 4. – С. 1 – 4.
2. Белоногова В.Д. Ресурсы, экологическая безопасность и
фитохимические исследования дикорастущих лекарственных растений Пермского края
: автореф. дис. … д-ра фармац. наук. – Пермь, 2009. – 39 с.
3. Белоногова, В.Д.
Запасы, рациональное использование и охрана дикорастущих лекарственных растений
Пермского края / В.Д. Белоногова, А.В. Курицын, А.Ю. Турышев; под ред. Г.И.
Олешко: Монография. – Пермь: ГОУ ВПО «ПГФА Росздрава», 2008. – 235 с.
4. Гравель, И.В.
Содержание тяжелых металлов в сырье некоторых лекарственных растений
произрастающих в условиях атмосферного загрязнения (Республика Алтай) / И.В.
Гравель, Г.П. Яковлев, Н.В. Петров // Раст. ресурсы. - №3. – 2000. – С. 99 –
105.