The master of economy, Bulhairova Zh.S.

The Kazakh Agrotechnical University of S.Sejfullin, Kazakhstan

The basic aspects of Mongolian agriculture

development

At present time in Mongolia level and rates of agriculture's development in many respects define the major economic proportions. The agriculture always made a basis of Mongolian economy.

The government puts a problem to provide introduction of intensive methods of steady growth agricultural production for the purpose of fuller satisfaction of requirements of the people in foodstuff, and the industry with raw materials. This problem can be successfully solved only by strengthening of agricultural material base and its infrastructure, increase of level of management. [1]

Level and rates of agricultural development in many respects define the major economic proportions. Such traditional industries completely depend on its condition, as easy and food as expenses for agricultural raw materials make the basic part of their production costs. Besides, the agriculture is a large source of accumulation. [2]

Feature of the Mongolian agriculture – prevalence of animal industries. On a share of the last 90 % of all occupied in branch and an overwhelming part of the basic production assets are necessary almost. Its production occupies the greatest relative density in export and, hence, is the main source of reception of foreign currency. Besides, it is raw materials for the majority of branches easy and the food-processing industry. Such manufactures as felting, felt, shoe, sheepskin and tanning, entirely are based on cattle-breeding raw materials. As a whole on the basis of cattle-breeding raw materials is issued to half of industrial output of the country.

In Mongolia basically plant five kinds of cattle: camels, horses, cows, sheep and goats (table 1). In high-mountainous areas by tradition yaks are grown up also. Last years and in the central part of the country began to plant more than yaks (in my opinion, for the same reason - they transfer all cold winters is easier). [3]

Table 1 – Main kinds of cattle in Mongolia

	1983	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2008	2009
Sheep	14,1	13,8	13,7	13,5	14,2	14,7	15,0	18.0	19.27
Goats	4,6	7,2	8,5	9,1	10,3	11,1	11,0	20.0	19.65
Horned cattle		3,0	3,3	3,5	3,6	3,7	3,1	2.5	2.6
Horses		2,4	2,7	2,8	2,9	3,1	3,8	>2.0	2.22
Camels		0,4	0,4	0,4	0,4	0,4	0,35	0.26	0.27

Sources: The Statistical collection of Mongolia - 2003, Ulanbator 2004г., p.132. The Statistical collection of Mongolia- 2007, Ulanbator 2008г., p.198. The the Statistical collection of Mongolia- 2009, Ulanbator 2010г., p.193.

From table 1 it is possible to draw following conclusions: there is a growth sheep and goats, but the livestock horned cattle, horses and camels decreases. It is possible to explain given dynamics to that leading branch of animal industries, in Mongolia is sheep breeding, which gives more than 50 % of all its commodity output. For 10 years the livestock of goats has increased in 4 times, that has allowed to make about 3 thousand tons cashmere in a year. Last years in the world market of the price for the goat down and products from it have increased, in this connection the price for the goat down-raw in the country has raised several times and has reached 35 thousand tughriks/kg.

In economic life of Mongolia agriculture plays a supporting role. Agriculture as the independent branch of a national economy has started to develop since 1959 by development of virgin lands. Within the limits of the program of development virgin the first are created state farm, which have played an important role in maintenance of the country with grain and other agricultural production. For today in Mongolia grow up wheat, barley, a potato, vegetables and the oats (table 2), the essential role is played by preparation of hay and forages for cattle. [4]

Table 2 - Structure of plant growing in Mongolia

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Grain	142,1	142,2	125,9	165,0	138,4	75,5	138,6	114,8	212,9	391,7
Wheat	138,7	138,7	123,1	160,4	135,6	73,5	127,8	109,6	209,8	388,1
Potato	58,9	58,0	51,9	78,7	80,2	82,8	109,1	114,5	134,8	151,2
Vegetables	44,0	44,5	39,7	59,6	49,2	64,1	70,4	76,4	78,6	78,0
Total	383,7	383,4	340,6	463,7	403,4	295,9	445,9	415,3	636,1	1009,0

Sources: the Statistical collection of Mongolia - 2003, Ulanbator 2004г., p.131. The Statistical collection of Mongolia-2007, Ulanbator 2008г., p.197. The Statistical collection of Mongolia-2009, Ulanbator 2010г., p.192.

Apparently from table 2, agriculture has basically a grain direction. Under the grain the most part of the area of an arable land which has reached presently 1 million in hectare is occupied. But environmental conditions of Mongolia define extremely deadlines of cleaning grain and necessity of attraction of weight workers from outside. Agriculture of Mongolia is not irrigation and also is extended in the steppe areas Hangaj provided with an atmospheric precipitation, Hentej and area of developing agriculture in the east — in a valley of the river the Halhin-goal. In the extreme West it is necessary to water Hollows of the Big lakes where it is not enough arable lands. [4]

By first January of 2010, in country scales it is collected 391.7 thousand tons of grain, 151 thousand tons. A potato, 78 thousand tons of vegetables, it is prepared 893.4 thousand tons of hay. In comparison with 2008, the volume of the collected grain has increased by 84 percent or on 178.8 thousand tons, volume of the collected potato - for 12.2 percent or on 16.4 thousand tons, and the volume of the collected vegetables has decreased for 0.7 percent or on 0.6 thousand tons. [1]

The agriculture of Mongolia still keeps a leading place, it has the cattle-breeding and agricultural direction, in it to work about half of population of the country (the production of goods occupied in sphere) and its production makes the most part of export of the country. [4]

The purposeful policy spent by the state on increase of efficiency of plant growing, on increase in an area under crops and perfection of agricultural crops, gives results, - increases production of grain crops, a potato, vegetables and other products of plant growing.

The agricultural sector extremely needs investments. In agriculture small private farms prevail, in the country deficiency of factories on agricultural products processing is observed.

The list of the used literature:

1. The information to tourists. Plant growing in Mongolia. The Internet source:http://www.legendtour.ru/rus/mongolia/informations/plant_growing.shtml

2. Molomzhamts Demchigzhavyn. Problems of development of agrarian sector of Mongolian economy, - the International source "Problems of the theory and management practice" № 1/01

3. The information to tourists. Animal industries of Mongolia. The Internet source:http://www.legendtour.ru/rus/mongolia/informations/animal_industries.shtm

4. Damdyn O. S. The General characteristic of Mongolian agriculture /O. S. Damdin, M.Mundagbaatar//Economy, management, the finance: materials of the international correspondence scientific conference (Perm, June, 2011). / G.D.Ahmetovoj. — Perm: Merkurii, 2011. — p. 33-38.