Philological sciences/3. Theoretical and methodological

problems of language research

PhD., professor Duken Masimkhanuly

Eurasian National university named after L.N.Gumilyov, Kazakhstan

Influence of ancient turkic civilization on the traditional Chinese culture

From a day in a day becomes clear that the founders of ancient culture of all humanity were nomads. Well-known American scientist, professor, investigating history of Middle Asia William Montgomery McGovern, "中亚古国史" "The Early Empires of Central Asia" in the book "The Ancient states of Middle Asia" writes: there was such opinion "In modern society, that ancient inhabitants of Middle Asia were wild and to anything not accustomed. But interesting is circumstance that the last archaeological excavations prove reverse - an art and culture of ancient habitants of Middle Asia were developed high-level" [p.1,2].

According to other researchers in the history of culture, the steppe nomads are not only distributors, founders and successors, but are also the main sponsors and promoters desperate and ancient culture [p.2,4]. However, the creation of the mind nomads samples of material and spiritual culture of sedentary life takes on a different character, more flourishing and evolving. Thus, after dozens, hundreds of centuries, these samples have turned into their own culture of sedentary people.

The influence of ancient Turkic tribes in the traditional culture of the Chinese tribes today completely changed, became so "Chinese" that even superficially glancing invisible man these changes. In fact, long been known that the influence of Turkic civilization to the ancient culture of China was special. Firstly, the forefathers of the Turks freely galloping on horseback in the valleys of large Eurasian steppe of Mongolia is the hill, near the Altai mountains, boundless steppe around modern Wall. Secondly, it is known that when "God commanded sky, earth and Turks" Tabgash people for hundreds of years was under Turks. Third, it is no secret that during the great migrations in the history of many Turkic tribes migrated to China. It was during such a huge accumulation of exchange civilizations, continuous fusion process, which lasted for several centuries, it was impossible to prevent the influence of Turkic civilization to the Chinese culture. If we talk about the traces of Turkic civilization in traditional Chinese culture, they are mainly noticeable Turkism in Chinese. About it in his book "Communication Turkic and Chinese," writes extensively researched Türkizms in the Chinese language, our shynzhansky relative scientist turkologist Yasin Kumaruly. In his volume research work he is doing a detailed analysis of more than one hundred individual words that are included with the Turkic language in the ancient Chinese language, as well as the words that are used in modern Chinese language, and which are preserved in the different dialects of the language [p.2,126]. If you believe the scientist, in the Chinese language, there are several hundred words that have fonetichechkuyu and lexical similarity with the Turkic language. In addition, if noted that in most cases, the origin of these words comes from the nomadic life, then certainly we see that these words came in ancient Chinese language of Turkic.

Another fact that makes it possible to identify traces of Turkic civilization in Chinese culture - myths. We compare today's Chinese myths with myths of Turkic peoples.

On the origin of the world, heaven and earth in the myths of the two nations said that "the world was originally spilled the sea", the great Creator (our "Creator", the Chinese "Pangu") "dividing it by gender, created the heavens and the earth", then "the world step by step to expand, began to increase." Of course, zakonmernym fact is that the creators of the two nations called for - different. Most importantly, what can be said, there was no difference between the main idea and the story of the creation of the universe. In Chinese and Kazakh myths about the revival of humanity seen and their similarities. That is, both peoples Great Maker "first creates the universe, then clay sculpts human and gives his soul." Of course, we do not hide the fact that "God created the first man from clay" exists in many myths of the world. However, surprisingly, that the Turks and the Chinese, who have the linguistic system, religion, mentality, a form of existence, and others. Spheres of life are far from each other, in spite of this in their myths have similar motives, which no doubt is worth paying attention. Moreover, in the stored Kazakh myth of the origin of the first man says that "Kok apa" has created a boy and girl, and gave their lives in the Chinese myth also states that created man from clay Nuyuan also the creator of the female, on the need to also pay attention. If you pay attention to the ancient meaning of the word in Nui Chinese (女 - in the modern Chinese language the word is translated as a woman, and the ancient Chinese meaning of the words mother, mother) and the ancient reading the word ya (娲 - on modern Chinese read as wa, and on Old Chinese kwok or kwak), it is surprising that it turns out "Mama sky" or "the mother of the sky." In addition, in the Turkic (Kazakh) and Chinese myths observed similarities in phenomena such as Flood, end of the world, the survivors of these catastrophes mankind pious, the sun and the moon, and others.

In the book, inhabited the southern part of China's tribe Izu (people, akin to the Chinese), "On the 18 th. Universes" creation of the universe is described thus: "A thick cloud coverage of the sky, came out of the seven layers of the earth. Blizzard that covered the ground, came from three layers of heaven "[p.3, 47]. It was recognized as a divided land and sky matter originated the belief that the earth consists of seven layers, and the sky of the three. And in the Kazakh myth "creation of the universe by God" says that in the beginning of "the land consisted of three layers, and the sky of the three, but over time they both reached the seven layers." Meanwhile, we clearly understand that in the myths of both peoples has two motifs that are similar to each other. First, in both myths heaven and earth separated, are described as the two concepts, two mothers, separated from each other. Second, in both myths earth and sky single, not single-layer, composed of several (three, seven) layers. At the same time, to the structure of the earth and sky, interesting fact is the similarity of the saints venerated by the numbers (three and seven) of the two peoples. This trend continued until the Yuan era (1206 - 1368 years). Writes about this in his book "History of Kazakh culture," a Chinese scholar, Professor Su-Beihan who appreciates the works of such Turkic-speaking scientists - historians as Toktaiym, Tashtemir, Taybuka, akyns as Canley Bukum, Karluk Nayzhan and the works of many other artists who not undoubtedly have made an invaluable contribution to the development of Chinese culture. Especially his remarks: "After the conquest of the Kazakh land Shyngyskhanom many Kazakhs was drafted into the army, and some were forced into culture. And many of them, absorbing Chinese culture reached heights in every sphere of activity. Especially it should be noted scholars such as Toto, Temirtas, Taybuka who have made a significant contribution to Chinese historiography. Especially appreciated their neugasamye works on the history of three empires: Lyau, Zin, Sung "[s.6,287] - open up new directions in history.

Also in the era of the Tang number of folk songs (Kui hordes) increased from nine to ten, seven kuyev came from the west. Among them, "Kuyi Kusiene", "Melodies Ankoku", "Kui Canley", "Tunes Shalyk people", "Kui Koktal", "Tunes people mJy Sea", "Indian tunes." Another factor that is worth noting is that in those days, not only works of art, but many artists of Turkic-speaking countries - composers kuyshi-performers, singers and dancers have come to China and propagate the culture and art of the country. Namely, the famous musician people Kusiene Satbay, Bamda famous people barbishi Shalik Peshengul, Peshennur, Peshenkun dancer, singer Peden, musicians people Udun Guysheken, Guyshezhan, Canley Kurym barbishi people and many others that there are hundreds and thousands of artists who have made significant contribution to the development of Chinese culture of the time. Our view is shared by the Chinese scholar, professor, researcher art of the peoples of Central Asia Ouen-Rune, who says: «同时，西域乐理，乐制，乐谱和乐器也传到中原，对汉民族乐舞艺术产生了革故鼎新的深刻影响» (Music theory, composition art, music and musical instruments of western edges (These are among Asia - DM) joined the art of Chinese people have revived the art of dance and music and made it sound even louder, more melodic ") [p.7 17]. From this it is not difficult to conclude that the Turkic-speaking peoples have made a considerable contribution to the development of the ancient Chinese art of music and dance.

In general, it is clear that in those days were the founders of the nomads is music. Since leading a nomadic life, they merged with nature in one, drew inspiration from a myriad of nature presented them with an amazing imagination. But when that which is born of such a myriad of inspiration, amazing fantasy art of music came in a vicious circle of thoughts settled peoples, the music became magical powers themselves sound of Heaven. About this scholar-critic, professor A.Seydimbek says: "The nomads were able to present the world with a unique amazing ikusstvo. Using UPDATE filled highest spirit art nomads dreamed of equality of human existence with bytem Almighty. Art of the highest spirit of the most sacred, which equated the language of the Most High, was the music. Ancient Turks called Kui "Cook", considering music an intermediary between the Almighty and them. Therefore, every day writing new praise Kui for Hagan, which equated to the gods. Chinese emperors liked this ancient tradition tyurkov.Oni considered it an honor to invite musicians and singers in their palaces decorated with gold, to admire their talent "[p.8,12].

In conclusion we can say that once prevailed in the vast Eurasian steppe Huns, Saki, Canley, Uysun, Turks not only the power of the other troops were forced to acknowledge their power, but were able to get the recognition of the world for its rich culture.

Literature

1. McGovern W.M. ("中亚 古国") .The Early Empires of Central Asia. - Beijing: China Shuzyuy. 2004 – p 364.

2. J. Kumaruly Heritage distant lands. - Beijing, 2003. – p 43.

3. A. Maulitkanuly Kazakh myths about the revival and philosophical views about this // Shynzhansaya social science - 2005.№2 p.38- 55.

4. A. Aseyinuly Roots Kazakh musical instruments // Shynzhansaya social science - 1998.№4 p.70-81.

5. M. Sairam Sүy, Tan sұlalirida өtkәn ұyғұr sәnәtkarlari. -Pekin:

      Millәtlәr, 1993. p 324.

     6. Su Beihai. The history of the Kazakh culture. - Urumqi Publisher shynzhan University 1989 p. 555.

7. M. Pacific saury Sүy, Tan sұlalirida өtkәn ұyғұr sәnәtkarlari. -Pekin: Millәtlәr, 1993 p. 324.

8. A. Seidimbek Kazakh art hammering. - Astana Kultegin, 2002 – p. 832.