Право /5.Уголовное право и криминология.

Valeria Stetkevich

Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

International Cooperation in Combating Terrorist Activity

The first attempt to create the system of resisting the terrorism was the actions of Italian Parliament for convocation an international conference in the end of the twentieth century. The document was taken, where the arrangements of the legal and political impact for coordination of the efforts of the world community were provided. The next stage in creating the system was the League’s of Nations activity for the development of «Convention on The Prevention of Terrorism and Punishment For It».

This document contained such principles as inevitability of the terrorist punishment, the exchange with information between countries necessary for struggling against the terror, commitments to chase the terrorists in criminal procedure or exercise their issue for condemnation them under the international or national law. But this document didn’t come into force, although some statements were borrowed by national laws. Further the development of the international system has been on the run since 1963.

Series of documents was taken, which regulated international interaction in struggling against the terror. For example, Tokyo Convention 1963 regulates protection from the crimes, which were committed on board aircrafts. The security of aircrafts is described in the Hague convention 1970.

The International convention about the fight with hostages regulates relations, which are the result of detention by one person in reference to the other people with the threat of damaging them to make the government or international organization complete some actions. It is the hostage.

The International convention about struggling with the funding of the terroristic actions1999 makes the governments prosecute persons, who finance the terrorism. Also it requires law enforcements to detect the terrorism sponsorship. All these conventions were signed during the work of the Organization of Union Nations.

In the Organization of Union Nations a great role belongs to the counter-terrorism committee (CTC). This structure exercises dialog with members of the Organization of Union Nations. Counter-terrorism committee sets the opportunity of the countries to struggle with the terrorism, both law and technical ability. So, the task of CTC is rendering the promotion of law enforcement in different countries.

But the Organization of Union Nations is not the only international institution. Firstly, it is the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). There are documents, which regulate the activity of their members against the terrorism. For example, the agreement on cooperation of CIS member in combating terrorism was signed in 1999. It regulates relations in protecting from external threats, security of the integrity of the government’s political stability. The main structure is Anti-Terrorism Center of the members of CIS. There is also the Soviet Heads of Security Agencies of members of CIS.

Second, partnership is conducted under the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The Charter of Shanghai Cooperation Organization provides the creating Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the participating countries of SCO. Its responsibility is to provide informational cooperation between countries, development and execution of the agreed arrangements on opposition of terroristic activity, detection of the sources of terrorist fund and other actions to secure the population and the political system.

Then, the cooperation is provided in the European Union. The main document is the European Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism. The creating of the system of security began since the establishing Multidisciplinary Group on International Action against Terrorism (GMT). In 2003 Committee of Experts on Terrorism (CODEXTER) was formed. The main task of these organizations is to coordinate the activity of the European governments and the definition of sequence of counter-terrorism practice.

The important element in the system of opposition is the Terrorism Research Centre (TRC) – independent institute, which studies the phenomenon of the terrorism, information war and security. TRC is a new generation of studying and analysis, which combines the examination and technology to measure the depth of studying the phenomenon of the terror for the next practical application.

There is International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT). Its status consists in struggling against the terror, assistance in international cooperation for global fighting with the terror, evaluation of vulnerability, threats and risks, analytical intelligence, international and national security, defense policy.

To sum it up, resistance to the terrorism comes to life over various international organizations, such as the Organization of Union Nations, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the European Union, the Terrorism Research Centre, International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism. Their documents are binding for the participants of these organizations.

The actual problem is the technical equipment of the countries, because of it they can’t counter advances of the terrorists. That’s why they need the help of the developed countries. It renders during the activity of the international organizations. So, this part of international cooperation is important nowadays, because system is always stronger than part, the whole world can resist terrorism more efficiently than any separate country.