Педагогические науки/Проблемы подготовки специалистов

Doctor of Phys. and Math. Sci. Gorobets Yu.I.¹, Cand. of Tech. Sci. Porev S.M.¹, Doctor of Phys. and Math. Sci. Reshetnyak S.O.², Porev O.S.¹.

¹Institute of Magnetism of NAS and MES of Ukraine

²National Technical University of Ukraine «Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»

PRE-INCUBATION AS AN ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING FOR STUDENTS AND POSTGRADUATES OF POLITECHNIC UNIVERSITIES

Today polytechnic and technological universities should put the task to prepare graduates for successful work in the real economy on the principles of entrepreneurship, to compete in science and technology, education and in the wide range of social practices. But one of the most actual aspects for Ukraine and other countries «in transition» is a sphere of high technology, where successful production is of critical importance for future development. Business training, research and development, and consulting of undergraduate and graduate students for technology entrepreneurship today are important issues for the State policy, science and education system, and for every university in Ukraine.

World practice analysis presents considerable achievements on the creation of university spin-offs using innovative business infrastructure, science and technology parks and business incubators. As for the typical business incubator model, it is about «incubating» into them new, but already launched companies that have the potential to create jobs, are able to make the commercialization of new technologies.

It should be noted that even in developed countries between preparing students for business and activity in the real economy and industry there is a barrier of opposing factors. They are due not only to lack of available funds, but the unreadiness of university students and workers to implement their business ideas, lack of practical experience of entrepreneurship in specific economic conditions and testing of ideas and business plans in a real business environment.

Some of the Ukrainian researchers noted, that business-incubation in the country has not received significant distribution and efficiency primarily due to the absence of effective public policies to stimulate the development of business-incubators. Among the main obstacles – lack of business incubators own money, absence of venture funding system in Ukraine, and even the reluctance of managers of higher education to deal with the employment of students through the methods and technology of business incubation.

Ukrainian innovation system remain unfriendly for high-technology businesses because of high cost equipment, lack of venture funding, strong competition and lack of enough State support. However, our studies have shown that in the 80's of last century entrepreneurship was impossible, but in a number of higher education institutions of Ukraine were used different support schema of scientific and technological activities of students, which is based on their participation in the scientific development of research groups. Chairs that contain the research groups with competitive technologies, in which students could create they own real technical results and acquire the competence, were prototypes of pre-incubators. It was not pre-incubation, because the students created their results not to start a business, but for employment in state enterprises. However, it was proved that the research groups of universities, that create competitive technology, may be an effective means of engaging students in scientific and technological entrepreneurship.

It should be noted that starting small firms and entrepreneurial students training in universities in the country should be considered not only in the form of pre-incubation. Students of technical and technological universities lack the training for scientific and technological entrepreneurship and support of their first steps in the market implementation of business ideas that meet pre-incubation. In addition, not enough «classical» business incubators that cooperated with universities and can support the already established spin-offs. However, to start entrepreneurial training for students of technological specialties necessarily based on the fact that it is largely demand of reality because not all university graduates can find a job in state institutions and enterprises or in large business structures. In fact, being in a market-oriented social and economic system, universities as the main supplier of highly educated professionals can’t and must not ignore in their concepts of education one of the most important components - a small scientific and technological entrepreneurship.

In our opinion, pre-incubation as training students for scientific and technological enterprise in particular should provide the scientific and technical research and development of students in research groups, universities or related academic research institutions, industrial enterprises, including economic contracts. Pre-incubation experience can be recommended for study and implementation in the universities of our country, ranging from special training programs and attract students to scientific and technological entrepreneurship in research groups of universities. Students, more prepared on this basis to businesses, will be more confident to take up their business idea.

Entrepreneurship education must be systemic in nature based on the fact that students and graduate students will conduct it not as simple training activities, but as real forming your own business. Even if students plan to be researchers or teachers in educational institutions, in terms of creativity, competence and responsibility no significant contradictions between entrepreneurial approach to launch their own business and any activity in the current economic system, which makes our work to achieve competitive useful results. Everyone should create their own business, which sometimes can be understood as research or teaching.

The problem of entrepreneurship education is multidisciplinary and should have a complete solution and include components of training, learning and mentorship of students based on their own business activities, participation in scientific research and technological developments to create own intellectual property. This will require the changes in the existing system of training in Ukrainian universities, support of research groups as centers for mentoring of students to create their own technological products, the introduction of the principles of pre-incubation into all components of the teaching and research process.