K.p.n. Sivolobova N. A.
North-Caucasian federal
university, Russia
PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF STUDENTS OF
PEDAGOGICAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Realization
of patriotic education of students of establishments of higher education
represents one of components of system of patriotic education of youth which as
patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2011-2015 is noted in the State program [2], should
cover the entire periods of training of studying youth. In this plan the
subsystem of the higher education plays important role, and the special
importance is gained by the higher pedagogical education as the result of
education of younger generation in many respects depends on quality of
vocational training of the teacher. Taking into account it patriotic education
of future teachers acts as an integral part of system of vocational training of
students of pedagogical higher education institutions.
Feature
of patriotic education of future teachers is that it represents the complete
pedagogical system consisting of two interconnected subsystems.
The
first actually patriotic education of students as makes citizens of the Russian
state, and the second - preparation of future teachers for patriotic education
of pupils which not only prepares them for effective independent pedagogical
activities for this direction of educational work, but also has additional
educational impact on their personal development. I.e. patriotic education of
students of pedagogical higher education institution is carried out directly
(at impact on the personality) and indirectly (through process of professional
and pedagogical preparation). Such approach to understanding of patriotic
education of future teachers defines dual (binary) character of the purpose of
patriotic education of students in higher education institution, which includes
formation at future teachers: patriotism as social and moral imperative, the
integrativny moral quality characterizing the relation to the Homeland and the
Fatherland, and readiness for realization of patriotic education of pupils at
comprehensive school.
Patriotic
education of future teachers represents the complete pedagogical process based
on interaction of subjects of education and directed on formation at students
of patriotism, a representing itself as social and moral imperative [1].
The
essence of this process makes development by pupils of the progressive
patriotic experience, allowing to create the valuable relation to patriotism.
The
comparative analysis of problems of patriotic education with problems of other
directions of educational work shows that the decision them in unity is a basis
of implementation of complete pedagogical process. And recognition of relative
independence of patriotic education in an educational system causes not
opposition to its other directions of educational work, and their integration.
The
structure of patriotic education of future teachers corresponds to structure of
complete pedagogical process as a whole and patriotic education in particular
and includes target, substantial, organizational and estimated and productive
components [4].
The
target component characterizes the purpose and problems of considered process.
As the purpose of considered process formation at future teachers of patriotism
as professional and personal and significant quality acts. Problems of
patriotic education follow from structure of the concept «patriotism»and
include: education of patriotic feelings, formation on the basis of
patriotikchesky knowledge of views and belief of patriotic character, expansion
of experience and formation of the positive relation to patriotic activity.
The
substantial component includes regularities, principles and the content of
process of patriotic education of future teachers.
The
basis of implementation of studied process is made by set of all-pedagogical
and specific principles.
Joining
opinion of leading teachers (V.A.Slastenin, P.I.Pidkasisty, etc.) [3; 5; 6], we
allocate the following all-pedagogical principles making a basis of patriotic education
of students: principle of a humanistic orientation; scientific character;
orientations on formation in unity of knowledge and abilities, consciousness
and behavior; continuity, sequence and system; presentation; combinations of
pedagogical management to development of an initiative and independence of
pupils; consciousness and activity of pupils; coherences of requirements of
subjects of pedagogical interaction; communications of the theory with
practice; unities of educational, educational and developing results of
pedagogical interaction.
To the
specific principles reflecting features of patriotic education, such
principles, as belong: nationality, integrativnost, variability and
flexibility, unity discrete and continuous.
The
content of patriotic education of future teachers reflects the content of the
concept «patriotism» and includes: love for the country education, to native
places, the native language; respect for the past of the Homeland, for
traditions and customs of the people, knowledge of history of the Homeland;
formation of culture of international communication (respect for other people,
their customs and culture, intolerance for racial and national hostility,
etc.); aspiration development to strengthening of honor and advantage of the
Homeland, readiness for assistance to progressive development of the Patronymic
at a combination of personal and public interests and so forth.
Methods,
means and forms of patriotic education hardly can be carried to the category of
the specific. Most likely, it is possible to speak about use of combinations of
the traditional and nonconventional pedagogical methods and forms of the
organization of pedagogical interaction for the solution of specific objectives
of patriotic education at each age stage of development of pupils.
As
patriotic education of students it is based on interaction of teachers and
students and it is realized both in educational, and in extracurricular
activities, application of methods of training which share on teaching methods
(lecture, the story, display demonstration, an explanation, conversation,
explanatory and illustrative, active methods of training - a problem statement,
discussion is quite reasonable; educational, imitating, role, organizational,
operational, business, etc. games, method of cases, ave.) and doctrine methods
(hearing, judgment, exercise, studying of textbooks and primary sources,
modeling, reproductive, partial and search, research, etc.) and education
methods (methods of development of consciousness of the personality - an
explanation, belief, the story, conversation, an explanation, suggestion,
instructing, a request, an example; methods of development of behavior -
exercise, schooling, the requirement, an assignment, a method of confidential
interpersonal communication, a method of creation of bringing-up situations,
game methods, trainings, carrying out actions behind a curriculum framework -
cultural actions, social and significant acts, participation in public life and
so forth; stimulation methods - encouragement, competition, approval,
rewarding; and so forth).
Educational
and educational and methodical grants, the textbooks, special literature, means
of information belong to the means of pedagogical influence applied in the
course of patriotic education of students of teacher training University, mass
media, and so forth, and also various activity of students (educational,
public, labor and so forth).
Process
of patriotic education of future teachers is realized through such forms of
preparation, as: lecture, seminar, laboratory and practical training, thematic
evenings, discussions, excursions, backpackings, independent work of students,
performance by them course and theses, student teaching, etc.
As
feature of the organization of patriotic education in modern conditions it is
possible to allocate need of application of various pedagogical technologies
(game, technologies of self-development, self-determination and so forth),
providing increase of efficiency of interpersonal interaction in pedagogical process.
So,
patriotic education of students of pedagogical higher education institution as
complete pedagogical process is carried out in the course of vocational
training in higher education institution, in particular at realization of its
personal aspect, and represents a subsystem in the general system of patriotic
education of future teachers.
Literature:
1.
Buzsky L. S. Theoretical problems of patriotism and patriotic education. -
Volgograd, 2008. - 90 pages.
2. A
state program «Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for
2011-2015» // http: www.pnmc.spb.ru/nmc/qualityeducation/vospit/Patriot.doc
3.
Ivanov S. Yu. Modern Russian patriotism. - Rostov - n/d, 2008. – 310 pages.
4.
Lutovinov V.I. Problems of education of patriotism // Pedagogics. - 2008. - ¹.
7. - P. 50-53.
5.
Pidkasisty P.I. Pedagogika: The manual for students of pedagogical educational
institutions. – M, 2008. - 430 pages.
6.
Slastenin V.A. Technique of educational work. – M, 2008. - 478 pages.