Esirkepova M.M. Yessirkepova
A.M., Tulebaeva,A.М.
THE FULFILLED TYRES - THE RESERVE OF SECONDARY
The mankind
maintained natural resources, including what more cheaply to extract new raw
material than to put means for processing of secondary raw material, not
reflecting about consequences. The similar point of view and underestimation of
a problem of waste have led to easing of attention to revealing secondary
materials of resources and their use.
Therefore, nowadays, in all
growth there is a problem of economical use of raw stocks, beginning from
extraction before their full processing as at an exhaustion of stocks of
natural resources in modern processes of manufacture huge weights of initial
raw materials are lost because of their incomplete use that conducts to
significant losses of social activities. Also has ripened a question of more
strict account of fatal influence of not used production wastes and a life on
an environment, and accumulation of results of negative influence of the
person's concentrated activities on an
environment has reached almost maximum permissible level [1].
The waste of rubber including
waste of consumption: tyres, rubber technical articles, rubber-soled footwear,
latex articles, etc., and also production wastes: rubber, rubber-woven and rubber-metallic
articles.
About 90 % of all
rubber-contents waste
of the CIS countries makes the worn out tyres, which is being the basic kind of
prepared secondary rubber raw material. The worn out tyres differ: 1) to
destination (for manufacture of the regenerate, building and technical
materials and the other purposes); 2) to constructive attributes (covers with
meridional arrangement of cord's strings in a skeleton and covers with a radial
arrangement); 3) in the sizes (automobile, with external diameter up to 1200 mm
and landing up to 610 mm of various purpose, large-sized with external diameter
over 1200 mm, motorcycle).
The most valuable product
restored from worn out tyres, is rubber regenerate, its manufacture is more
indicative. Application of regenerate in tyre manufacture saves 0,4 t rubbers.
At the same time complex use
of the worn out covers in Kazakhstan would allow to receive in addition textile
cord and metal.
Annually in the world some one
million t of the worn out tire covers acts in waste, it is useful and 6-26 %
are used only.
Abroad the worn out tyres
apply basically to manufacture of the regenerate which is applied then as
fillers
by
manufacture of tyres, floor coverings, for reception of a rubber roof and other
building materials. Recently wide application receives rubber crumb, used at
construction of roads, athletic fields, etc. Mixture tyre crumbs with
polymers receive hydro- and sound-proof materials, mixture with asphalt -
coverings for roofs and roads. Addition 5-15 % of a rubber crumb in ground
considerably improves its structure.
Recently in a number of the
countries amortization covers subject to thermal decomposition, receiving fuel
oils, gases and soot.
In the CIS countries the basic
directions of processing and use of the worn out tyre covers are: manufacture
of the regenerate; manufacture of waterproofing building materials; manufacture
of asphalt-rubber-concrete coverings.
The rubber crumb is widely
applied as fuel to thermal power station, in road construction, for the device
of sports constructions and a roof, and also for reception sorpable materials.
In work [2] results of the
phosphorization of the
crushed rubber of automobile tyre covers' protector are resulted. The purpose
of researches was research of new directions of application of this valuable
polymeric material collecting in huge quantities in industrially developed
countries.
Thus, it is shown, that
superficial modification of crushed vulcanizes by means of phosphorus-contents
reagents allows to receive materials, capable to sorption ions of mercury and
aniline. Subjected to such processing crushed vulcanizes can be used as a
sorbent for sewage treatment of the enterprises from ions of mercury and
aniline [2].
Modern scales of industrial production in Kazakhstan Republic,
escalating number of processed raw material, increase in weight of the goods
consumed by the population are accompanied growth of total of waste in
sphere of industrial production and in sphere of consumption. Accumulation of
not used secondary material resources leads to environmental
contamination.
In branches of economy of
Kazakhstan Republic it is annually liberated up to some one thousand t tyres.
Recycling worn out rubber technical articles of technological and household
purpose would be carried out. Alongside with expansion of rational use of
secondary resources the huge role is got with actions which realization will
promote protection of an environment from pollution by various dross and waste.
The main task in the field of sanitary clearing cities of firm household
waste is development and introduction reliable, economically expedient and
highly mechanized receptions of gathering of waste, their transportation,
neutralization, and also without waste use. In the field of neutralization,
processing and recycling of firm household waste the mechanized processing with
recuperation valuable components is most perspective.
With this purpose on the basis
of our establishment there is developed the technology on processing automobile
tires in valuable, for a national economy, raw material.
The literature:
1. Байкуатова К.Ш. Вторичное сырье –
эффективный резерв материальных ресурсов. Алма-Ата: Казахстан, 1982.-152 с.
7. Тужиков О.О., Аль Диабатт С.С., Хохлова
Т.В., Тужиков О.И., Желтобрюхов В.Ф. //Модификация измельченных вулканизатов
фосфоросодержащими соединениями. Каучук и резина. 2005. №5. с.42.