Economics / Accounting
Zhirova T.V., Zhukov D.A., Stafievskaya M.V.
Mari State University
Russia
Accounting for
agricultural risk
The study was carried out with the financial support
of the RFFI and the Government of the Republic of Mari El oblast in the
framework of the scientific project No. 16-12-12001 (a) "Development of
accounting and analytical support for risk management and risk reflection in
the accounting (financial) statements of commercial organizations of the
Republic of Mari El in crisis management ".
At agricultural enterprises, as a rule, attention is
not paid to identifying factors of high production costs and loss-making,
identifying reserves, improving a number of indicators, and as a result of
this, unnecessary costs and production losses .
At each
enterprise, the organization and maintenance of a scientific and justified
accounting of costs and calculation is necessary in conditions of risk and
uncertainty, which will make it possible to optimize the results of production
activities [2]. It is the reliability of information and sufficiency about the
cost that is the competitive advantage of a commercial agricultural enterprise
in management practice [3].
Agriculture is associated with seasonality, so in
accounting we calculate the planned cost, bringing it at the end of the year to
the actual [4]. The policy of any enterprise, as a rule, is aimed at reducing
costs, but this aspect does not mean an increase in income. The actual costs
are affected by the following risks:
- natural risks of a climatic nature
- risks of non-receipt of loan financing;
- risks of epidemics for animals;
- risks of competitiveness in terms of political
risks;
- Risks of insufficient budget financing.
Thus, the actual cost of production can exceed the
planned cost. In our opinion, it is necessary to include risks in the
management accounting as an element of the cost item [1].
For this we can use the off-balance system of
accounts, namely: account 010 "Agricultural risk" in the context of
sub-accounts:
010.1 natural risks of a climatic nature;
010.2 risks of non-receipt of loan financing;
010.3 risks of epidemics for animals;
010.4 risks of competitiveness in terms of political
risks;
010.5 risks of insufficient budget financing.
In the debit of these accounts, risk is assumed to be
taken into account until the actual cost is identified and the relevant
information is received from the risk manager [6].
The basis for maintaining this account is the proposed
primary document "The off-balance sheet account of sectoral risk"
(Fig. 1).
|
Type of risk: industry risk Risk assessment: ___________ Date:
___________________ Accounting account D010.1, actual risk
Recognized risk: Date: _________________ |
Figure 1 - The off-balance sheet account of sectoral
risk
To create a reserve at the expense of profit in
financial accounting, the use of account 96 "Reserves of future
expenses", subaccount "Agricultural risk" is recommended.
Subsequent reflection of the recorded risks in the
financial statements will increase its transparency to attract investors[5].
References
1.
Gruby V.A., Pizengolts V.M., Saurenko T.N. The
development of the national agro-industrial complex is the main direction of
the country's food independence. - 2016. - No.10 (143). - Pp.39 - 42
2.
Sapozhnikov S.A. Analysis of the point of break-even
production of agricultural products // Concept.- 2015.- Special Issue No.5.-
Pp.1-5
3.
Mkhitaryan V.S., Sarycheva Т.V. Forecasting the
employment of the population in the Russian Federation by types of economic
activity // Questions of statistics.2017. No. 3. Pp. 18-29.
4.
Stafievskaya M.V. Methodology of formation of
accounting and analytical support for risk management in the context of crisis
management // Business. Education. Right. Bulletin of the Volgograd Institute
of Business. 2016. No.3 (36). Pp. 115-120
5.
Stafievskaya M.V. Cost management: the procedure for
calculating and accounting and analytical support of risk management in an
agricultural enterprise // Aeconomy: Economics and Agriculture, 2017. № 7 (19).
6.
Stafievskaya M.V. Accounting reporting as a form of
information support for the analysis of economic risks // Economics and
Entrepreneurship. 2016. No. 8 (73). Pp. 1014-1017