Demeuova M.B.

Kazakh-British Technical University

Jumaseitova A.K.

Candidate of Economic sciences (PhD), Assistant-professor

Particular of Human Resource Development in the case of Kazakhstan.

Human Resources Development as a theory is a framework for the expansion of human capital within an organization through the development of both the organization and the individual to achieve performance improvement. [1]

Human Resource Development is the integrated use of training, organization, and career development efforts to improve individual, group and organizational effectiveness. HRD develops the key competencies that enable individuals in organizations to perform current and future jobs through planned learning activities. Groups within organizations use HRD to initiate and manage change. Also, HRD ensures a match between individual and organizational needs. [1]

A major difference between economic growth and human development is that the former focuses on the enlargement of one option (income or product), while the focus of the latter is on enlarging all human options. In other words, education, health, clean environment and material well being do not necessarily depend on income. Thus, the options available for improving people’s lives are influenced by the quality of economic growth in its wider sense, and the impact is by no means confined to quantitative aspects of such growth.

A distinction can also be drawn between human resources development and human development. The former focuses on the production aspect and as such deals with people as a factor of production like material capital and natural resources. Thus, the end goal of investment in human capital, in terms of health, education, nutrition and training, is to boost production and generate additional income.

Thus, the concept of human development, in line with its focus on enabling people to enjoy a better life as the ultimate goal of human endeavor, highlights that this goal cannot be achieved solely through improvements in income or material well-being.

Furthermore, if these three essential choices or ingredients were not available, other opportunities, which are also important for human well-being, would remain inaccessible. The expansion of choices in the areas of education, income and health not only provides necessary conditions for a better material life, but also paves the way for the creation of a suitable environment for people’s spiritual advancement and creativity.

The broad scope of the prerequisites for human development as outlined above raises an important issue as to their applicability to individual countries.

Featuring the Human Development Index, every report presents agenda-setting data and analysis and calls international attentions to issues and policy options that put people at the center of strategies to meet the challenges of development today - economic, social, political, and cultural.

The Human Development Index (HDI) in 1990 the UNDP introduced a new concept in the indication of development, the Human Development Index (HDI), with the objective of measuring human progress and quality of life at the global level. [2]

The HDI constitutes the first comprehensive attempt to measure achievements in development from a human perspective, expressed in terms of numerical indicators that permit inter-country and inter-temporal comparisons. The HDI combines in one composite index, indicators of health, education and income and intends to reflect achievements in the most basic human capabilities: living a long life, being knowledgeable and enjoying a decent standard of living. [2]

Kazakhstan has ranked 66th out of 169 countries in UN Human Development Index (HDI) and has been included in the high human development category, according to the 2010 Human Development Report unveiled on November 5. Kazakhstan’s HDI value for 2010 is 0.714, and the country is in the list of 43 countries with high human development. [3]

Compared to last year, Kazakhstan has moved up 16 positions from the 82nd place. The improvement was due to an increase in GDP per capita and life expectancy.

In general, Central Asia and Eastern Europe show high level of social justice, according to the report.

However, the life expectancy at birth indicator prevented the countries of Central Asia and Eastern Europe to reach higher positions. In Kazakhstan, at the moment, life expectancy at birth is 65.4 years.

In 2009, life expectancy at birth in Kazakhstan, according to statistics, was 68.6 years, which is higher than what was published in the UNDP report. Over the past two years, the situation with life expectancy has improved, and the figure increased by 2.3 years. In his view, this progress is due to the introduction of new technologies in health care, as well as positive changes in people’s attitudes towards their health.

Between 1990 and 2010, Kazakhstan’s HDI value increased from 0.650 to 0.714, an increase of 10 percent or average annual increase of about 0.5 percent.

In this period, Kazakhstan’s life expectancy at birth decreased by more than one year, mean years of schooling increased by almost three years and expected years of schooling increased by almost three years. Kazakhstan’s GNI per capita increased by 33 percent during the same period.

The main idea behind HDI is that a country’s health and education situation must be considered together with its economic growth when evaluating its development level. The HDI has three dimensions such as health, education, and living standards, and four indicators: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and gross national income per capita.

Comparing with the table Astana HDI for 2010 was the highest, it can be explained by the fact that in the first place Astana is the capital of the country, second largest public expenditure allocated in this city. After Astana is Almaty. This can be understood because Almaty is the largest city by population, as well as cultural and financial capital of the Kazakhstan. After these two cities is Aktyubinsk oblast as the largest area in Kazakhstan, then Karaganda oblast as the most central in our republic, followed by one of the petroleum region Atyrau oblast in Kazakhstan. Next on the list is Pavlodar oblast like an industrial and commercial area of our country. Then you can see West-Kazakhstan, East-Kazakhstan and South-Kazakhstan oblasts. The northern and southern regions of Kazakhstan are in turn to each other like Jambyl oblast, Kostanai oblast, Kyzylorda oblast, Akmola oblast and Almaty oblast. The last area of the list is the North Kazakhstan oblast. It should be noted that the gap in HDI values is not large.

Table 1

HDI value regions of Kazakhstan for 2010

Region of Kazakhstan	HDI,2010
Astana	0,899
Almaty	0,860
Aktyubinsk oblast	0,824
Mangistau oblast	0,817
Karaganda oblast	0,815
Atyrau oblast	0,812
Pavlodar oblast	0,811
West-Kazakhstan oblast	0,807
East-Kazakhstan oblast	0,803
South-Kazakhstan oblast	0,801
Jambyl oblast	0,796
Kostanai oblast	0,795
Kyzylorda oblast	0,792
Akmola oblast	0,790
Almaty oblast	0,786
North-Kazakhstan oblast	0,783
Note - Source: compiled by the author on the site www.integrity.kz

References:

1. Swanson, Richard A., Brief Foundations of Human Resource Development, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 2008, p.1.

2. UNDP, Human Development Report, Almaty, 2010, p. 21.

3. A bi-weekly online publication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana calling, issue №106, Astana, 2010, p.1.