Makarova
O.N., Eremeev E.A.
V.M. Shukshin
Altai State Academy of Education, Russia
Psychology-pedagogical
problems of the preparation to professional activity of the future teachers
The problems of the improvement
of the professional preparation of the students of the pedagogical universities
have special meaning in the conditions of the modernization of the educational
system. This theme becomes actual with rising of the social meaning of the
teacher’s professional activity.
Professional preparation of the
future teachers closely connects with form high interest to chosen professional
activity. The interest to the teacher’s profession - it’s emotionally
expressing cognitive direction of the personality to become proficient in
pedagogical activity, realization its inclinations, abilities, professional
convictions. Low level of interest to its profession determine by row of
factors, amongst this may be mark out low culture of the labour in student’s
society which become distinct in inability of rationally organize its activity,
in problems with execution tasks in a definite period, and moreover – in a
little productivity of the student’s labour cause low boost to activity. Along
with this some more role play a low prestige of the profession of the teacher
in a society. The presence of interest to its profession – it is important
factor of the successful form of competitiveness of the future teachers.
Interest reduce is the reason of many problems.
Primarily, future teacher
finding himself in conditions when he forced to execute previously
uninteresting for him tasks and commissions. In such conditions it’s hard to
wait from the student readiness to innovations, aspiration for work out and introduce
in educational space creative working, methodical finds, and technologies.
Different researchers and pedagogues (L.S. Vygotsky, V.A. Sukhomlynsky, L.N.
Tolstoy, K.D. Ushinsky and others) devote its works to questions of creative
development of the future teachers. S.V. Lavrenova marked that «today need deep
and all-round comprehension of educational process of preparation teachers with
high develop creative potential, who to be able successful adapt in constantly
changing conditions, to bring up needs in development of creativity of
personality of every pupil» [1, p. 5].
Professional competence of
teachers in modern conditions to suppose not only possession of the set of the
professional knowledge, skills and habits and ability to use all this practically,
but aspiration to independent reclamation new pedagogical theories and methods,
inclination to self-improvement. Future specialists in education with
preparation often face with problem of building of trajectory of
personal-professional self-development, that determine by underestimation of
this important component of specialist’s professional formation. Subject-centre
aims of educational process are often concentrate student’s attention on the
scientific-conceptual knowledge. At this time the role of his personal
self-development for professional formation is erasing.
The students of the pedagogical
universities have a lack of pedagogical identification. One of the means for
overcoming of this problem is pedagogical practice, where students can feel themselves
in a teacher’s role. The results of passing of practice are shows how important
for professional growing of the students the link with school.
The important factor that can
seriously make difficult realization of pedagogical activity of the future
teacher is a lack of skill to apply the knowledge about human psychological
development for solving pedagogical tasks. It is impossible right and effective
organize educational process and haven’t full notion about peculiarities of
perception and mnemonic, cognitive and others psychological processes at
different age groups of schoolchildren. Problems generate difficulties of form
of row of merits and abilities of teacher – empathy, perceptive ability,
pedagogical observation and pedagogical tact.
From here follow one problem
else linked with inability to work with command. For future teacher is
important to can organize group activity and be active participant. Quality of
schoolchildren’s knowledge will depend on as far as correctly leader will to
able to organize co-ordinate functioning of participants of educational
process.
One more difficulty in
pedagogical activity is inadequate self-appraisal, which may be overestimated
or underestimated. Self-appraisal – it is a conception of personality about
herself, her importance, her merits, which form under social opinion and
personal achievements. Than more considerable achievements than self-appraisal
will be overestimate. Underestimated self-appraisal implies sensation of
superiority of people around self and may form under influence of exogenous and
endogenous reasons. Such teacher like that is unable to enlist of authority of
pupils and to support discipline in the class. An uncertainty is appearing of
him and in self activity. Overestimated self-appraisal lead to overestimation of powers and
possibilities, to appearance of ambitions, that forced the person make more difficult
tasks and pretension to achievements. Such self-appraisal promotes to form at
pedagogue a confidence in him and in activities for solving new tasks. The
consequences of the failures are disappointment, anxiety, fears and depression.
Adequate self-appraisal is optimal. However, smaller damage making overestimated self-appraisal than underestimated.
Permanent influence of negative
factors of environment may lead to stress conditions at future teachers.
Relaxation show itself in amotivational aggression and its moving on the
off-site object. Raised level of stressor situation serves the foundation for
increasing degree of conflicts and aggression. The reasons of this aggression
may be very different. Very important in professional activity is to be able
see in time the origin of this emotion [2].
For successful work the teacher
must have a high level of professional reflexion. With constant appeal to his
own condition, to analysis of knowledge, feelings, values, motives, actions –
will become clear own shortcomings and mistakes. Reflexion helps the future teacher to
realize the level of his professional formation. Most high level of reflexion
watched at people with inclinations to perfectionism. Low level of reflexion
prevent to self-development of pedagogue.
Enumerated problems are shows to
necessity of improvement of professional preparation of future teachers. Thus,
in pedagogical university is necessary for creation such conditions, which will
be promote to professional growing of future teachers, uncovering of their
creative potential, forming an ability work in collective, to bring down risk
of origin of syndrome of professional burnout as a consequence, conflicts,
professional difficulties etc. The system of high education preparation must prepare teacher
(reading for research) to creative approach for solving professional problems,
to discovering of new knowledge with pupils together. For solving of showing
problems is necessary for inculcation of new organizing forms of education
based on the personal development, collective making decisions, active usage of
independent work, and demonstration of professional significance of chosen profession,
pedagogical self-determination, and reflexion.
References:
1. Ëàâðåíîâà, Ñ.Â..
Ðàçâèòèå ëè÷íîñòíî-òâîð÷åñêîãî ïîòåíöèàëà ïåäàãîãà â ïðîöåññå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîé
ïîäãîòîâêè : Äèñ. ... êàíä. ïåä. íàóê : Êàëèíèíãðàä, 2003. – 163 ñ.
2. Ýêìàí Ïîë. Ïñèõîëîãèÿ
ýìîöèé. ß çíàþ, ÷òî òû ÷óâñòâóåøü. 2-å èçä., - ÑÏá.: Ïèòåð, 2010. – ñ. 106-110.