Магистрант Витер А.В.

Карагандинский Экономический Университет Казпотребсоюза, Казахстан

Advantages and disadvantages of credit policy of Kazakhstan Banking.

The credit policy of joint-stock company «BTA Bank» was developed according to the Republic Kazakhstan current legislation, including standard documents of Agency of Financial Monitoring on the regulation and supervision of the financial market and financial organizations, National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also recommendations on the international banking practice. These guidelines define Bank strategy the field of crediting.
It is possible to carry such purposes of bank as:
• Maximization of incomes of long-term or short-term credit operations within the limits of the established risks and the current legislation;
• Introduction of a complex control system by risks of the Bank, directed on decrease and a diversification of risks;
• efficient control maintenance with credit process of Bank;
• the direction of credits in priority and least risky branches of economy;
• Maintenance of steady growth of profitableness of credit operations by means of development of new bank products and service improvement of quality;
• Increases of a rating of steady Bank in economic, social and ecological aspects.
Allocated three mainframes, service directly involved in process and crediting of clients of Bank:
• the Corporate Block
• the Block of Small and Average Business
• the Retail Block.
The corporate block is engaged in crediting of large corporate clients. For the purpose of increase of efficiency of interactions and quality of service, distribution of clients between internal divisions of this block is made to regional and branch signs. [1, 191-200].
At occurrence of time financial difficulties «BTA Bank» suggests to use the short-term credit – overdraft. For placing in the credit market, the Bank can use both own money, and involved as deposits of corporations, the organizations, establishments and the population, and also credits and the deposits received in the internal and international financial markets.

Despite all advantages of Bank, there are also lacks of a credit policy. During confident growth of economy and development of business of borrowers «BTA Bank» has undergone to the risks connected with risk of a non-return of the credit. That is, it is possible to tell that the Bank most loyally concerned the clients in the course of crediting. As a result the situation with an unjustified estimation of financial possibilities of the borrower that has led has served:
- Inability of the debtor to create an adequate future monetary stream in connection with unforeseen adverse changes in a business, economic environment.
- Uncertainty in the future cost and quality (liquidity and sale possibility in the market) pledge under the credit;
- Occurrence of doubts about business reputation of the borrower.
Also, the Bank has undergone to branch risk: the branch risk is connected with variability degree in branch activity in the economic and financial plan. The more variability of branch, the more risk degree.
The risk of management can be one more lack or omission from Bank, that is malmanagement of resources or derivation of money resources on absolutely other purposes in this case is meant. Such situation could be present even before crisis, now, each 20 days the Bank carries out monitoring of the given out credit if the borrower has broken treaty provisions, penal sanctions in this case leave.
Last lack and some kind of risk of a credit policy of Bank, is the risk connected directly with the personnel of Bank. That is, it can be both turnover of staff, and unworthy behavior of the employee to the client that can lead to numerous loss of a part of clients. Ethics in dialogue with the client, this most important thing at the initial stage of dialogue with the client. Therefore, comparing behavior of employees of our domestic banks to banks of the developed countries, it is possible to tell that it is necessary for workers of banks of our country will learn to rules of behavior at foreign experts.
Crediting process is connected with action of the numerous risk factors, capable to cause inopportuneness of repayment of the loan that will even more worsen bank position. Therefore the bank should give particular attention to studying of credit status of the borrower and an estimation of all risks set forth above accompanying the given credit. A main objective of studying of credit status is definition of ability and readiness of the borrower to return the loan according to treaty provisions. The bank not only should estimate credit status of the client for certain date, but also to predict its financial stability on prospect, and also prospect of all other risks [2, 197-237].

To raise economic efficiency and to improve resource distribution, the government encourages competition through free hade. To survive and achieve prosperity, bankers should reject bureaucratic traditions and encourage businessmen reacting and adapting to market economy. Irrespective of a culture political system should aspire to create an effective economy. The most important role belongs to the banks, their credit policy. The major economic feature of a credit policy is the movement of the credit. A credit policy has one purpose to maximize bank income for reliability and stability. Credit policy depends on customer demand and can be combined with new ways to meet this demand. Hence, a progressive policy is
an important element of the superstructure, which is executed by the personnel of bank and overseen shareholders, clients of bank, industry, bodies of bank supervision. Credit is an important material force, promoting bank development, overall performance increases on inadequate credit policy arres is bank development is an indicator of poor financial condition, and may lead to its bankruptcy [3, 143-164].
Any bank with credit activity faces a problem in insolvency.
Management of a credit policy expresses the general strategy of development of a corporation. Credit policy does not establish a path to achievement but only forms a "skeleton", a structure of recommendations and a basic direction of performance of private business operations. On the basis of this "skeleton" the technique of carrying out of the daily actions can be directed to optimal credit policy.

The list of the used sources:
1. Davydova L.D., Rajmanov D.K.bank the right in РК. – And: Жеті жарғы, 2009. – С.191-200
2. Kaplunovsky K.V.financially the mechanism and its development in a transition period. – Н: ЮНИТИ, 2009. – С.197-237

3.Lavrushin O. I. Money, credit, banks. – the Finance and statistics, 2007. 143-264