Zhainagul A.Kussainova – Astana, Kazakhstan

MODAL MEANING OF THE ASSUMPTION, POSSIBILITY AND PROBABILITY IN SYNTAX

For definition of modal meaning of the assumption and probability we

can unite interrogative, incentive and declarative sentences in one course.

The presumable meaning in the declarative sentence originates from semantic meaning of a "presumable" verb and it is completed with synonymic succession. For example: Ulzhan was not pleasant with the son's behavior. But herself she has decided: Likely hesitates (M.A.). Here the meaning of probability is transferred by a modal word «шығар - likely» and is fixed by a verb «байлаған - have decided».

In the collected examples we can see, that the narrative-presumable meaning basically is transferred through suffixes of a participle «-ap,-ep». The specified suffixes with attributes of future time peculiar to them, referring to the future action, strengthen modal meaning of the information. For example: Мay be I will have a food (G.M.). Probably, tomorrow they will arrive (Colloquial). Considering on the using of times, I.R.Galperin concludes: «unreality of events, the facts, characters, attitudes is shown especially brightly in the writer's access with time and spatial categories » [1, 121].

Suffixes of future time «-ap,-ep» is operated in a semantic link with a postposition «-ay» systematize modal meanings of the assumption and probability in declarative sentences. The analyzed conclusions can be fixed a following example: You suffered innocently, therefore, it is possible, and you will return your place (AC).

Comparing examples, between derivatives from suffixes «-ap,-ep» modal words «шығар, болар, жарар» and analyzed before «қалар» it is possible to notice external similarity, but in the use they have different meanings. At these modal words grammatical role and semantic functions are different. Though suffixes of a participle concern future time, but their use in future time is not concrete. For example, in the following sentence the idea of the person is connected with present time: May be, on mind of the girl came ideas, how it has ended then (A.Н.). In this structure of a word «шығар, болар» activate the assumption of the person. For example: Likely he is older for 4-5 years (A.H.). Likely he wanted to tell that now you have not awards and medals on a breast (A.H.). In such sentences the probability of actions of the person now, instead of assume performance of action in the future is specified. In these sentences it is possible to see modal meaning of a narration and the assumption made by means of modal words «шығар, жарар».

I want to note that the words, formed by means of suffixes «-ap,-ep», are distinguished with active volatility of modal meaning in the use. For example: If the escort is strengthened, them (probably) about twenty QK.T.). Probably, by his quickness of wit he already find out my ideas (A.H.). But the given cases of change of modal meaning are not identical. After carefully analysis, we see, that modal words «шығар, болар» in the use give meaning of the assumption or a guess, and auxiliary «жарар» in the sentence displays modal meaning of doubt. One more moment to which it is necessary to pay attention: strong influence on a role modal words «шығар, болар» in the sentence is made with interrogative intonation with the ending of the second person. For example in the sentence: «Cease, most likely its not you?» (A.N,) is more expressed the doubtful modal meaning of the person, than meaning of the assumption or probability.

In the declarative sentence modal words «шығар» and parentheses can use together, and so that adding modal meaning. For example: «May be, he did it out of pity for me » (A.P.). In this case the prepositive pause in the beginning of the sentence and intensity in the end of the sentence just the same adds modal meaning. Intonation of a pronunciation assigns modal meaning of the assumption, so allocates and strengthens of opinion of the person's means.

In modal construction the words «сияқты - similarly to, it is similar», «тәрізді- it seems» are a basis or dominant of formation of modal meaning of the assumption or probability. In following sentences without modal «сияқты» we hear modal meaning of confidence. «Abay already something has solved. It is clear that he trains a golden eagle!». But after adding «сияқты» varies both semantics, and intonation of a pronunciation of the sentence. «It seems, Abay already something has solved» (M.A.). «It seems, that he trains a golden eagle!}} (G.M.). «Similar it prepares for that Amam} (G.M.). As modal-time lexical structures together with complex verbs, modal words «тиіс - should, it is necessary, follows», «мүмкін - it is possible, it is possible» strengthen modal meaning of the assumption. For example: Just about should come (S.D.).

In a context if the information stands out from the third person that declarative sentence accepts meaning of the assumption or probability. That is, the information is received from someone, accuracy of the information is not confirmed. For example: Should be, bai had driven away hidden cattle from an aul (G.M.). If competent people speak the truth: «Nugiman is ashamed to appear to people. He had strongly slapped a door, in which he will return » (K.Zh.). People speak, from for a long time it was such is the custom (M.A.). Active use of the third person with a postposition is developed modal meaning of the assumption and probability.

In following examples we can see different role of a postposition «-ғой». «Where is he going? He want to inform the red house» (HE.). Here the modal meaning changes a verb «бермекші», and the postposition «-ғой» forms modal meaning of the assumption and probability.

From these examples follows that the parentheses formed of modal words can allot modal meaning of probability and the assumption. Before analyzing this part of modal meaning, we must consider a role of parentheses in the sentence.

In the first used simple parentheses. Certainly, kindness is from a teacher (A. T.). Probably, we go to one regiment (A. T.). May be, mankind is like as child (A.T.) Last war, last truth now have turned to a myth, in which one trusts another don't, who knows, maybe therefore Zardan does not like to speak about it (A. T.).

In the second used complex parentheses. Who knows, maybe it would need then! (S.M.). Though..., God forbid... maybe they are divorced (A.T.). Most likely, I had fallen from the horse, for certain, since the childhood I couldn't gallop, so that's the stuff to me (A. T).

In the third used repeatedly parentheses. The wood was dark from distance, that wood must be there, maybe, the staff of the second squadron must be there too, maybe their torture is ended there, maybe... (A.T.). Probably, he told something, probably, Arasanbay silently had agreed with it (A. T.).

Changing of structure of parentheses bring to a significant difference at their use in sentences. Repeatedly parentheses in comparison with simple parentheses can be used in two ways. In the first repeatedly parentheses assign modal meaning of the sentence and in the second pass expression. Complex parentheses, which used interlace, assign syncretic side of modal meaning. In the first example person's means, ideas, hopes are passed by parentheses (in the second example doubt and the assumption, in the third assumptions and probability). Each example proves that all parentheses are used with a specific aim. They pursue the basic grammatical purposes and give a stylistic shade to meaning. In researches the given function of parentheses characterized as follows: «If these meanings of parentheses use correctly, passed art and literary language stylistic features of idea will be more expressively, more brightly. For example: Certainly, you ask dress, she does not listen. There now! Bring up! If we from aforesaid sentences pull of parentheses: You ask dress, she does not listen. Bring up! The first meaning, maintenance, manner are not kept, and terms or opinion of speaker is not passed in full » [2.87].

Analyzing the using of parentheses, constructions - expressing modal meaning are subdivided in following group: «мүмкін - maybe», «сірә - perhaps», «әлде -maybe, probably», «кім білсін - who knows», «демек - so, therefore, means», «шамасы - most likely», «бәлкім - probably». Maybe, I have hurried and I blame him for nothing, maybe, he is a good workman (A.T.). Perhaps, the sun having risen, the wood is full thick air; there is no hint on a small breeze (A.T.). Maybe at home hungry child waits this fish, maybe wife wishes this thin pike, who knows, but the hunter today won't come back home with empty hands (A.T.). Maybe, he wished tell that he nothing could make (A.T.). Who knows, probably, he has achieved these tops with acquaintances or relationships (A. T.). Coming nearer, he has noticed, at the east side of the river movement, so it is ours (A. T.). The first and maybe last time in life Zordan was frightened of dark night (A.T.). Most likely he accepted me for the enemy (A. T.). They are not hurry, most likely they had solved to cover all at once. (A. T). Heretofore I didn 't hear such rigid words from Mentay. He always forgiving all mistakes his friends, and never say offensive words. After ZaiguVs words he lower his head and blush with shame, who knows, maybe he was confused(A.H). Probably, she will sit in Zardan's plane and will flyaway (A.T.).

The modal meaning of the assumption and probability can be formed by parentheses constructions «менің ойымша – to my mind» and «менің шамалауымша - in my opinion». In my opinion, he don't relate to crime of Mulic (S.D.).

The modality of the declarative sentence can be expressed by main verb with the postposition «-ay» which connected with modal «деймін -1 think, it seems». For example; It seems, He had regretted me in such kind. I think, there were no other clothes. I think, He felt my fury (A.N.). In all examples the meaning of the assumption and probability is conspicuous.

The modal meaning of the assumption can be formed in a question too. The functions of the proposed sentences are different. The first question sentence is a link between modus and dictum. This sentence only activates modal meaning of the assumption which is represented in last sentence. Loving couple now are silent, but some years ago they are harried to each other. They sit near, but between them distance. They are alone here, but they have no more to say. Or, love is died? Or,, they become adult, or all are end? For what open heart and soul? So what, or she thinks so too? (M.A.). In the given sentences the role parentheses <oji#e - or» is especially active. In the example we have seen that the modal meaning is assigned only at a continuously semantic relation between of used question sentences.

As a result of all-round analysis of linguistic nature of a category of modality were collected different directions of using. The relations of phonetic units, lexical, morphological and syntactic structures to them are systematized. That is one action can be a basis for transfer of several modal meanings. Components the general is modal a simple sentence interrogative, declarative, incentive and interrogative sentences according to transposition can to take a place each other, all-round | allocating modal meaning. By consideration of internal changes in the general modal sentences we can see that declarative, incentive and questions turn to exclamatory sentences. It specifies influence of emotions of the person on changes of semantics of the sentence. So, relation of emotions and categories of a modality have great importance.

Comparing levels of a context multifunctionality of language actions at allocation of modal meaning, the reason can be transferred with next systems.

First: multifunctionality of language actions forming a category of a modality borders about influence of influence of semantics of a context.

Secondly: multifunctionality of language actions forming a category of a modality is connected with pragmatical underlying reason of language actions.

Thirdly: multifunctionality of language actions forming a category of a modality depends on influence psycholinguistic directions. All this proves that the category of a modality must be considered from context.