Saginbekova Aigerim
Academical Innovation University, Кazakhstan
Linguistic characteristics of the
concept "Love"
This
paper is devoted to the study of linguistic-cultural concept "Love",
covering a variety of psycho-emotional state of a person as a representative of
a separate nation, embodied in the English, Russian and Kazakh language
systems.
The
relevance of the research is determined by the lack of study of existing
research approaches to the description of linguacultural concept “Love” in the
English, Russian and Kazakh languages. At the present stage of development of
modern linguistics there is a great need of detailed, integrated and comparative
study of this concept in several languages.
None of
the manifestations of the human psyche attract so much attention as love. Love
- "the most natural passion for human being" (Pascal), the
"miracle of civilization" (Stendhal), it, along with hunger and ambition
rules the world.
The
concept "Love" - is the core of the national and individual
consciousness, the oldest "keyword" of human culture, which entered
popular understanding of love and its importance in relation to the human
being, the human mind trying to find the force that controls the world order
and human behavior.
V.A.
Lukov offers the following description of love as one of the most important
constants of world culture: "Love is close to the friendship, but differs
from it. Its antonyms - hatred (the wider aspect) and jealousy (in relation to
a loved one). In human relationships love is usually associated with sex, but
it can be "love from afar" (first described by J. Ryudelem, XII
cent.) or unrequited love (as in "The Sorrows of Young Werther,"
Goethe), and it is possible to oppose
love to spiritual closeness as opposed to animal lust or proximity for
money. Love formed in the process of "crystallization" of feeling. A
special case - the love of self ("I" stands as an object for itself,
"I"). This kind of love can be perceived as positive
("vanity") and negative ("selfishness") value "[1].
In
recent decades, the concept of "Love" was analyzed in the following
areas: this concept was considered through the prism of national mentality as a
Russian cultural dominance, which has a special linguistic and culturalogical
value [Kolesov V.V], was researched the ways of adequate interpretation of love
with the help of meta-language [Wierzbicki A. "The interpretation of
emotional concepts"]; was investigated linguaculturological specificity of
the concept of "love" in Russian and German [Wilms L.] was described
ethnosemantical aspects of concepts "Love," "Happiness" in
Russian and English [Vorkachev SG].
Concepts can be classified according to their
topics. They form emotional (concepts such as joy, fear, surprise, love,
contempt), educational (school, evaluation), intellectual (mind, thought,
understanding) and others. It can be stood out such concepts which operate in
one or another discourse: pedagogical, religious, political.
The
subject of our study - the concept of "Love" belonging to the sphere
of emotional activity of man.
Social,
cultural, spiritual and ethical concepts are of particular interest for the
analysis, since they provide the most interesting material for understanding
the linguistic world picture of the given national mentality.
In the
last decade interest has considerably increased to the study of emotions by
different fields of science. Everyone at the level of everyday consciousness realizes
what we have in mind talking about emotions. But the scientific definition of
emotions is not still given, because emotions
are rather vague multifaceted phenomenon with multiple functions.
Taking
into account their communicative function we can offer the following definition
of emotion "as a specific form of the human relation to reality and its
linguistic expression (interpretation)" [2].
N.
Krasavsky gives the following definition of an emotional concept,
"ethnically, culturally conditioned, complex structural and semantic,
lexical and / or phraseologically verbalized formation, based on a conceptual
basis, which includes in addition to the concept, image and evaluation. It can
functionally replace a number of same ordered set of objects (in the broadest
sense) in the process of person’s reflection and communication that causes a
biased attitude of man towards them. The emotional concept has symbolic decor.
Ways to semiotic explication can be verbal (i.e. expressed in terms of
language) and nonverbal (i.e. expressed by other techniques, such as gesture,
drawing, etc.) "[3, p.80].
The
concept of "Love" is worth studying as one of the most fundamental
cultural concepts.
Surprisingly
capacious and many-valued concept of "Love" is the most mysterious area
of human relations. Linguistics as a socially significant scientific discipline
hasn’t remained aloof from the multidimensionality of the research process,
including in the list of research objects the concept of “love”. This human
value has attracted the attention of many domestic and foreign linguists. The
most common are studies of this phenomenon in the linguistic and cultural,
psycholinguistic, and cognitive areas.
Studies
of the phenomenon of "Love" by foreign scientists have largely
philosophical and ethical character, and, in contrast to the language itself,
they are reduced to the identification, classification and consideration of
various types and forms of love.
The
concept of "Love" is multifaceted, and it is quite legitimate to
consider it from different perspectives. As a result of research conducted by
the authors of scientific papers, it has been received new knowledge about the
phenomenon of love, the essence of which lies in the fact that love,
introducing a universal human value, and occupying a special place among
linguacultural concepts, has its own linguistic expression specific for
different ethnic cultures in the presence of basic feature commonality. Ethnic
and cultural differences / similarities of the phenomenon, including gender,
indicate the presence in it of peculiar connotative and associative attributes,
which are based on mental imagery inherent in a particular cultural society.
Love -
one of the most important components of spiritual culture, one of the key
concepts of the common language picture of the world. Despite the large number
of philosophical and ethical works, which describe the feeling of love, there
is no one true definition of the phenomenon of human life.
L.E.
Kuznetsova based on an analysis of representations of love in the ethical and
psychological research creates a semantic model of this concept. Love - is
first of all deep, usually an
irrational feeling, experienced by man, and directed at another person, mostly
sexual, causing strong emotions, and suggesting an expression of respect, care
and tenderness.
In the
result of study of love descriptions as
an interpersonal feeling in ethical-psychological works researcher distinguishes the following features in a
semantic model of concept: 1) an integral feature of the "value", and
2) the central position of the object of love in the value system of the
subject, and 3) a sign of "positive", 4) unmotivated choice of love
object, his involuntariness 5) the identity of the object of love, 6) sexual
coloration (in the forms of erotic love) [4, p.202].
Literature:
1.
Луков Вл. А.
«Тезаурусные константы мировой культуры». http://www.zpu-journal.ru/gum/new/articles/2007/Lukov_Vl/
2.
Шаховский В.И.
Эмоциональные культурные концепты: параллели и контрасты. Сб.: Языковая
личность: культурные концепты. - Волгоград: Волг.гос. пед. ун-т – 1996. http://www.russcomm.ru/
3.
Красавский Н.А. Концепт
‘ZORN’ в пословично-поговорочном фонде немецкого языка.
Теоретическая и прикладная лингвистика. Выпуск 2. Язык и социальная среда.
Воронеж: Изд-во ВГТУ, 2000
4.
Кузнецова Л.Э. Любовь.
Антология концептов. Т. 3. / Под ред. В. И. Карасика, И.А. Стернина Волгоград:
Парадигма, 2006.