THE
INCREASE OF AGRICULTURE INVESTMENT ATTRACTION FOR BANKING ENVIRONMENT
Kuleshov,
VP, Associate Professor
Rytseva AV assistant
Establishing
of market relations, the fundamental changes in the forms of ownership and
management, and other factors have created a new situation in the formation and
use of the investment potential of agriculture in the Russian society.
During
the period of reform from 1990 to 2012, the proportion of profitable
agricultural enterprises decreased from 97.9% to 78% and the share of
loss-making - has increased from 2.5 to
22%. Over the last decade, from
2000 to 2012, we can see a sharp reduction of unprofitable farms (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Percentage of profitable
and unprofitable farms RB%
One of the factors that hold back
the movement to market conditions is insufficient equipment of fixed assets,
depreciation of it is about 40%. Although over the past 4 years the level of
depreciation is reduced, that is, there is a process of renovation funds in agriculture.
The main sources of acquisition of fixed assets are leasing and attraction of
bank loans. In consequence of analysis that presented in Table 1 data we can see
the tendency of decline renewal of funds in agriculture, with high rates of
eradication.
Table 1: The level of Depreciation
of fixed assets by economic activity (at the end of the year, as a percentage
of the total account value by net activities) with a refresh rate and
liquidation of assets by economic activity (average prices)
|
|
2000 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
All fixed assets total |
40,1 |
45,1 |
43,2 |
43,9 |
43,3 |
43,6 |
45,4 |
|
Including types of
activities: |
|
|
|||||
|
Agriculture,
hunting and forestry |
49,1 |
42 |
41,7 |
39,8 |
34,9 |
34,4 |
36,6 |
|
Refresh rate of fixed assets, as a percentage of the
presence of the end of the year |
|
|
|||||
|
All fixed assets total |
2,7 |
4,3 |
4,2 |
4,7 |
5,9 |
5,4 |
3,4 |
|
Including types of
activities: |
|
|
|||||
|
Agriculture,
hunting and forestry |
1,3 |
2,8 |
3,5 |
5,9 |
7,1 |
6,7 |
7,7 |
|
Liquidation of assets ratio, percentage of
availability at the beginning of the year |
|
|
|||||
|
All fixed assets total |
1,0 |
1,4 |
1,1 |
0,8 |
1,0 |
0,8 |
1,1 |
|
Including types of
activities: |
|
|
|||||
|
Agriculture,
hunting and forestry |
1,7 |
3,4 |
5,4 |
3,3 |
5,8 |
3,7 |
7,9 |
For enhancing the agriculture
investment attractiveness it’s necessary to make a target policy of reducing
receivable and payable accounts.
Table 2 Debt for obligations
agricultural organizations (end of year, million)
|
|
2000 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
|
Total debt
obligations |
12064 |
14563 |
16120 |
16643 |
14655 |
15837 |
18466 |
13961 |
|
â òîì ÷èñëå
ïðîñðî÷åííàÿ |
9817 |
8697 |
7058 |
4606 |
1879 |
1396 |
641 |
1130 |
|
Of total debt: |
|
|||||||
|
payables |
11675 |
11938 |
11439 |
9410 |
6857 |
7348 |
6285 |
7350 |
|
including
overdue |
9618 |
8479 |
6953 |
4500 |
1809 |
1220 |
517 |
814 |
|
payable on bank loans and borrowings |
389 |
2625 |
4681 |
7233 |
7798 |
8489 |
12181 |
8528 |
|
including
overdue |
199 |
218 |
105 |
106 |
70 |
176 |
124 |
244 |
|
receivables |
2816 |
3865 |
4213 |
3904 |
4119 |
4917 |
4936 |
6611 |
|
including
overdue |
2006 |
1931 |
1517 |
1017 |
637 |
539 |
330 |
316 |
Basing on the analysis (Table 2) we can
come to the following conclusions: The total amount of creditor debts from 2000
to 2011 has a slight tendency to decrease by 1.6 times, while there was a
significant reduction of overdue - 6 times. A total debt obligation tends to
increase. Over the past 11 years it has increased by 1.5 times, while the share
of overdue loans in total debt declined from 9817 in 2000 to 1130 million
rubles in 2011., ie 9 times. Creditor debt decreased over the last 10 years in
2 times., It includes the reduction of arrears amounted in 2000 – 2011 from
9618 to 814 million rubles., i.e. 19 times, and at the same time, there is a
tendency of increasing the debt on bank loans and loans in 31 times.
In order to study the effect of
investment on the efficiency of agricultural production a
correlation regression analysis was made. As a result there is a relationship between factors such
as gross output per hectare of agricultural land, the investment resources of
one ruble of gross output and the load of farmland per worker employed in
agriculture (r = 0,98), this figure was accounted because at the current
demographic situation in the countryside and the steady decrease of the
population of working age, and thus reducing the number of agricultural workers
there is a need to offset the shortfall of resources mechanization of
agricultural production. The change in the gross output per hectare of farmland
by 31% in the dynamics of the past 10 years, depending on the investment
resources of one ruble of gross output and the load of farmland per worker
employed in agriculture.
Table 3: Efficiency of investment in
agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan (with leveled cost factors)
|
Item |
2000 ã. |
2002 ã. |
2004 ã. |
2006 ã. |
2008 ã. |
2010 ã. |
2011 ã. |
2011 ã. ê 2000 ã. â % |
|
Investment resources to the ruble of gross c / s.,
Rub. |
0,105 |
0,059 |
0,042 |
0,058 |
0,056 |
0,044 |
0,073 |
69,976 |
|
Gross output per ruble of investment resources in
the s / s., Rub. |
9,567 |
16,882 |
23,887 |
17,280 |
17,797 |
22,624 |
13,610 |
142,261 |
|
Gross output per capita of rural population,
thousand rubles. |
65,010 |
162,924 |
152,526 |
230,772 |
386,888 |
320,196 |
12,570 |
19,336 |
|
Investment resources on one s / s. organization, th. |
370,755 |
424,151 |
335,740 |
708,289 |
1136,52 |
893,935 |
1257 |
339,039 |
|
Investment resources per hectare / x. land, thou. |
0,345 |
0,403 |
0,276 |
0,551 |
0,804 |
0,560 |
0,499 |
144,665 |
|
Gross output per hectare / x. land, thou. |
3,303 |
6,809 |
6,597 |
9,523 |
14,315 |
12,674 |
67,927 |
2056,53 |
|
Investment resources per capita in rural areas, th. |
6,795 |
9,650 |
6,385 |
13,355 |
21,739 |
14,153 |
9,236 |
135,921 |
It should be noted that the
investment resources to the ruble of gross output (including graded the cost
factor) declined from 10 cents in 2000 to 7 cents in 2011 Although per hectare of
crop area the investment funds increased from 345 rubles in 2000 to 499 rubles
in 2011, Investment resources per hectare of agricultural land increased from
2000 to 2011 by 162%. With it gross production per hectare of agricultural land
has increased by 384%. This indicates to inefficient use of investment
resources.
these indicators are shown in Table
3.
The dynamics volume of government
support of agriculture and allocated credits sources by banks from 1998-2011
Figure 2: The dynamics of volume of
government support to agriculture and
allocation of credit resources by banks, the Republic of Bashkortostan for
1998-2011
Despite of the credits raise given
to agriculture, it should be noted that investments directed to the industry
are long-term, and they are associated with high investment risk. In order to
reduce the cost of credit resources the government goes to subsidize part of
the interest on loans. Debts on bank loans are increasing, despite of the fact
that the proportion of profitable farms has increased, while the share of
unprofitable enterprises has decreased (from 2000 to 2011.). In this case,
according to the analysis conducted in Table 3, we can say that the growth of
loans and allocated budget sources does not bring the desired result. And there
is the inefficient use of allocated funds.
For the sustainable development of
the agricultural sector is necessary to develop a specific strategy based on
creating a proper environment and stimulating the development of
agro-industrial system. Investment resources are always limited and require
prudent spending, so the best use of them is one of the essential factors of
stabilization and recovery. The Government, in our view, should have a priority
in the management of investment processes in the agricultural sector, that is evidenced
by the experience of many countries in the world with a market economy.
Experience generalization of
stimulating investment in agriculture of developed countries shows that the
investment activity of the government includes budget allocations, the system
of tax exemptions and credits. Flexible investment policy allows support
agricultural producers, stimulate the production of competitive products,
preserve the environment and soil fertility. Investment activity in the
agricultural sector is characterized by
high subsidized budget. For example, in the U.S. federal budget allocation to
agriculture are given in the form of direct cash payments, preferential loans,
grants, repayable payments. The state system of credit takes here for about
half of all loans granted to farmers by commercial banks and insurance
companies. In Japan and Western Europe, low interest rate credit system
operates in the farming cooperatives, involving financial, commercial banks and
insurance companies.
The banking system in agriculture
abroad is a complex mechanism, with almost every country has its own
peculiarities in the organization to ensure the financial resources of
enterprises. The most financial transactions in the agricultural sector
performed by one or two large specialized banks in France, Sweden, the Netherlands and Israel. The financial
system of U.S. and Germany includes a variety of agricultural financial
institutions.
The main factors of a favorable
investment climate in Bashkortostan are:
-
a
favorable transport and geographical location;
-
stability
in the political and economic life;
-
a
highly skilled workforce;
-
a
stable regulatory framework.
At present in the Republic of
Bashkortostan specific industry programs implemented:
"The development of dairy farming and the increase in milk production in
the Republic of Bashkortostan, 2009-2012", "Development of beef
cattle in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2009 - 2012 years."
In our opinion, the formation of a
strategy should be with monitoring of entities agricultural sector. This
monitoring can be carried out in the following areas: the analysis of the
production activities of the organization, analysis of financial and economic
situation and solvency, analysis of technical and technological level and
competitiveness of their products, the credit rating organizations of the
agricultural sector, their investment and innovation activity, analysis of the
availability of financial resources and the needs of organizations in raising
capital, market research organizations for investment and innovation, analysis
of the economic situation.
According to the results of the
monitoring we can see number of groups of organizations. For example,
organizations that implement priority projects and use different sources of
funding, organizations which are creditworthy borrowers and use a bank loan,
organizations involved in the implementation of federal and regional programs,
organizations are experiencing a lack of financial resources and the
organization on the verge of bankruptcy. these group of organizations may apply
different strategies: for the first is investment tax credit, for the second is subsidy of the part of the interest on bank investment loan, for
the third is expansion of the practice of public and commercial finance, for
the fourth group is government support in the form of grants to agricultural
production and centralized capital investments, and for the fifth is entry in the integrated
structure.
To implement these strategies, and
to improve the effectiveness of public policy in the field of investment, in
our view, should be done:
-
improving
the tax system: reduction of tax rates, giving tax benefits if investments
implement, the application of the investment tax credit;
-
creation
and improvement of common information policy of the government of the Republic
of Bashkortostan;
-
the
formation of an independent agency or corporation that coordinates the issues
of economic and investment development of the country, and to make a department
monitoring the subjects of agriculture inside of it.
Thus, the government must have a
strategic control levers in all sectors of the economy especially in the
agricultural sector, ensuring food security of the country, which requires
clearly established powers, rights and responsibilities of the executive and
business administration. It is extremely important to correctly use the credit
facility, to strengthen the state's role in promoting the participation of
financial institutions in the provision of financial and credit industry.
Bibliographical list
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ATP" Consultant Plus ". Professional version.
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