Economic sciences/6. Marketing and management

Yurіnets Z.V.

Lviv national university named by Ivan Franco, Ukraine

Main obstacles of innovations realization

For creation of effective innovative process it is necessary to distinguish obstacles, reasons and factors.

Obstacles are a display of negative internal and external influences which hinder creation and introduction of innovations. From the point of view the entrepreneurial activity subjects of innovations realization obstacle divide into external and internal. The first are related to the tendencies and strategy of macroeconomic development, by a competition, political situation in a country, development of world economy. Second – with imperfection of management an enterprise, failings in organization of production, internal conflicts, investment policy of enterprise.

Objective obstacles are related to the cyclic requirements in investment facilities, with new constructions and technologies, unfavorable influences of external environment. Human factors represent a short-termness of looks, errors and voluntarism in a management.

Obstacle innovations can have natural character, that represent the phenomena of climate, natural calamities (earthquakes, floods and others like that). That characterize changes circumferential environments, аnd can carry technogenic character, that related to activity of man.

Factors are events, which hearten, when instrumental in innovations, or guard, when strengthen influence of obstacles.

Reasons are the phenomena or events, which obstacles and factors, strengthen or weaken an innovative process appear through. Reasons are different. Objective reasons are mainly related to the cyclic requirements in modernization and restructuring of enterprises, by the necessity of survival for a market element (when products become uncompetitive).

Subjective reasons are represented by the tendencies of leadership, understanding of public necessities and others like that (see picture 1). Natural and public changes (that behave to external reasons of appearances

of obstacles innovative activity), are mainly appear, when appear grandiose natural (earthquakes, collapses and others) or public (wars, revolutions and others) changes (cataclysms).

Picture 1. Reasons of origin of obstacles innovative activity

Most role among internal reasons of obstacles innovations on enterprises, plays the educational and scientific level of workers. To this reason imperfect control the system, wrong choice of strategy and accordingly error in the chosen sphere of activity is closely related.

Among obstacles which brake innovative activity, different consequences have a large value: the update of organization or its destruction, making healthy or origin of crisis is possible. Innovative activity not always is related to the positive consequences, as any search of innovations always is on a limit with the risk of failure.

Every innovative development is an expense. Through appearance of new ideas or projects, them moral ramshackleness it is impossible during the leadthrough of innovative development to eliminate passing to the state of new development. New development can be more perfect and by an expense. The improved innovations (innovative developments are as different improvements, rationalization suggestions) can arise up as a chain reaction. There is possibility of «canning» of innovative process on the protracted enough period, especially at presence of the proper groups and research structures.

In general the consequences of innovative activity are by the closest appearance related to two factors: by its reasons and possibility of management of innovative development processes. It is therefore possible to select liquidating, distributive and breach the function of innovative activity.

The consequences of innovative activity can conduce to the sharp breach changes or soft protracted and successive output on the new level of development.