Экономические науки/6. Маркетинг и менеджмент

Candidate of economic sciences, associated professor Mamrayeva D.G.

Karaganda State University named after academician Y.A. Buketov,

Republic of Kazakhstan

The process of interaction between the state, business and science in the field of innovation and technology

Today, the process of interaction between the state, business and science in the field of innovation and technology is a reflection of the new economic realities, including the knowledge economy, globalization, the integration of states and corporations.

During the transition to post-industrial development not only the economy is varied, but there is a strengthening of its relationship with other sources of social and political development. Prior theories were associated the development of the economy only with the process of interaction between the private capital and the state. Existing links between fundamental science and industry due to the differences existing between them are no longer sufficient for the normal functioning of the post-industrial economy.

In modern conditions, a change of relations between the private sector and the state, as well as relations between the state and science is observed. More and more of these elements are combined into a single unbroken network in which a key role in ensuring effective interaction between science and business lies with the state.

Thus, within the framework of national competitiveness, the level of development of science, the national innovation system and technology active development of the state get the tools to stimulate interaction between research organizations and business in the sphere of innovation, including through the formation of joint technology programs.

Made it in order to ensure interaction between government, business and science to identify and develop perspective areas of technological development, the development of a mechanism of the co-financing the costs of companies for research and development with using a system of grants to support long-term innovation partnership.

In practice, it is proved that in those areas, where possible effective cooperation, coordination and collaboration between different executors, we can save public resources and strengthening the effects of any activities.

An analysis of the experience of the functioning of technological programs in a number of innovation-developed countries today shows not only the viability of the format of cooperation, but also demonstrates its effectiveness.

The practical significance and prospects of these programs is largely measured by the degree of addressing emerging new technological challenges as a response to the most severe challenges of the global economy.

According to the experience of Japan the first stage of intensive development was based on the transfer and commercialization of western development. Soon, the country started to invest heavily in the conduct of its own fundamental research. However, in the early 2000s, having realized, that these studies do not bring the desired economic effect, are detached from the realities of business, in the country were initiated the application programs, which were co-financed by 50% from business. Over the past three years, about 116 are implemented such programs [1].

In Finland before 2007 the main instrument for the implementation of state technology policy, implemented in cooperation with business in science, were the Programmes of the Agency for Technology and Innovation Tekes. These medium-term programs were implemented by a consortium in which the main participant speaking was business and like an implementer was a science. In 2007, Tekes, radically revising its policy, initiated a program of strategic centers of technological development - SHOK. It was created six such centers in the priority sectors of the economy, implementing a program of co-financing with a share of about 40% of the business. Today the number has reached about 26 implemented programs.

The implementation of such programs in South Korea, has developed in the nineties, allowed the country from an agrarian state go into the category of industrialized countries. The first technological programs have been developed for critical technologies such as liquid crystal displays, high-speed trains, mobile technology. And now Korea has managed to become a world leader in these areas.

Thus, new advanced technologies and approaches make it clear understand, that both the state and companies need new skills, and the ability to adapt to an environment changing under the influence of these technologies.

Weak demand is a key factor constraints the promotion of innovation in the country. In world practice, the state actively involves an active participation in the innovative economy. In this context, the public procurement process, focused on innovative products, services and activities should be an effective mechanism for the increased demand for high-tech domestic products. Thus, the need to improve the legal framework on the regulation of public procurement, in terms of determining the criteria of innovative products and services, as well as their minimum share in the procurement.

A special place in the innovation system needs to take to the development of industrial design offices, which will facilitate the introduction of new industries, including through the provision of engineering services, providing industrial technical documentation, creation of pilot sites, rendering subjects industrial innovation of high-tech services, increase competence manufacturing enterprises.

It is necessary to specify measures to support innovation in the direction of promotion of innovation. At the same time, a series of measures are proposed to be based on the annual sociological research to assess the level of perception of the innovation society and the ongoing measurement of support tools.

It is necessary to improve the legal framework on the regulation of innovative activities aimed at the development of venture financing (investment). As world practice shows, given the riskiness of projects in the area of transfer and commercialization of innovative technologies, as well as the launch of innovative industries, to receive investment income from all ongoing projects is virtually impossible. The current statistics show that out of 10 projects 3 projects do not return on investment, 3 - return without any yield, 3 - moderate income, and only 1 project shows high profits that can provide overall positive financial result of the investment portfolio of the venture fund [2]. Using this statistic, it is well-regarded the financial results as a national development institution in the field of technological development, and venture capital funds is a part of the investment portfolio, and not in the context of individual projects.

Literature:

1. Information-Analytical Report for 2013 «About the trends of the development of innovations in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the world» // URL:www.natd.gov.kz – official website of the JSC «National Agency for technological development» (date accessed: 12.03.2015).

2. URL:www.natd.gov.kz – official website of the JSC «National Agency for technological development» (date accessed: 29.03.2015).