Право/ 9. Гражданское право

Suleimenova Saule, Professor

Askarova Aliya, Doctor PhD

al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Chemical safety as component of national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

To develop targeted and effective policy of national security is of great importance its structural classification. One option is the classification of the National Security Division at the types, depending on the location of the source of danger internal and external. In the context of globalization and internationalization of all aspects of social life, this division is rather arbitrary, especially when it comes to various kinds of transnational threats (such as environmental disasters). Currently, the solution to many problems of security is possible only by combining the efforts of all countries in the world or the region. Achieving national security is possible only in conditions of a balanced system of regional and international security. The "security system in Kazakhstan should serve an integral part of regional and planetary security" [1, p.155].

However, such a division allows you to practice clearly and specifically classify the conceptual approaches to the problems of national security. The division into internal and external security is necessary for an informed choice of methods, forms and means of achieving security, including in the area of various natural resources. In order to rationalize the system of national security and the development of measures to ensure safety at all levels is of special importance for the classification of the security areas or areas of life. At the same time a certain kind of security in a particular area involves protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and state in the sphere of life marked by external and internal threats. According to this principle divided vital interests, threats and trends to ensure national security in the Law "On the National Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan."

These types of security can also be divided into subspecies-specific spheres of life. The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On National Security of Kazakhstan," the security subtypes are defined as follows:

Military security - the state security of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the real and potential threats and attacks on the military's independence and territorial integrity of the country;

Economic security - the state of protection of the national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan from internal and external conditions, processes and factors that threaten its sustainable development and economic independence;

Environmental security - the state of defending the vital interests and rights of the individual, society and the state against threats arising from man-made and other impacts on the environment;

Information security - the state of protection of state information resources, as well as individual rights and the public interest in the information sphere;
Socio-political security covers the area of public safety and the security of state institutions and a legal and political, spiritual, moral, social protection of life, health and well-being of the citizens of Kazakhstan, as well as the values of Kazakhstan society from possible dangers and threats that could harm them.

This classification allows to consider national security as a single system security types, where each type is a separate subsystem with its own characteristics and laws. In practice, all these subsystems are closely interlinked and interdependent. Awareness of this relationship and interdependence is essential for effective national security. At a certain stage of historical development may change the priorities of safety, for objective reasons, therefore, a priority is to achieve a certain sound of parity between the different types of security.  Chemical safety, we considered as a system of measures aimed at protecting the vital interests of the person from the adverse effects of the chemical.

Chemical safety should be viewed as one component of the overall national security system, and as a complex independent system with its internal relationships. Isolation and detailed chemical safety threats have immediate practical significance, since it is chemical safety directly affects all aspects of human life and largely determines the overall security of both the state and the world community as a whole.
Recognizing the determination of chemical safety as the core, it could be supplemented by such an important component, as the presence and condition of natural resources required to ensure the stability of human society and a balanced reproduction of the diverse forms of human activity. The existence and quality characteristics of natural resources at the disposal of the state depends on all aspects of society and in the final analysis, his safety. However, one should consider two basic measurements resource requirements: quantitative and qualitative parameters of strategic natural resources needed to ensure the viability of the state and society;the level and extent of the restrictions that are necessary for the rational use of non-renewable resources in order to ensure the viability of the population in the future.

All of this is directly related to the security not only of the individual but also the state as a whole. Chemical safety as a component of national security is a prerequisite for sustainable development is the basis of society and the preservation of natural systems, maintain an appropriate quality of human life. Therefore, the main task of state and society is to promote the introduction of advanced environmentally friendly technologies so that their activities do not adversely affect the environment and public health.

In our view, the chemical safety of the state are interrelated with technological, natural, economic, military, food, information security, and other constituents. Consider the content of these concepts. A study on security issues in Eurasia edited V.N.Kuznetsova given one of the most comprehensive definition of security technology, ensuring that we believe the main condition for the formation of chemical safety [2, s.347].

In that paper under the process safety is a state defending the vital interests of the individual, society and state from internal and external threats to the implementation of technology used or planned, as well as the protection of scientific, technical and technological information from unauthorized use and exposure.
In turn, the concept of the technology disclosed in the book O.T.Lebedeva, where the latter is understood as a set of specific and consistent way (methods, techniques), create products or perform certain types of work, leading to a particular end result; as well as means and methods for joining objects of labor and labor in the production process [3, p. 256].

Another key element of public security is a natural or environmental safety. Often, in the environmental literature, these concepts are divided. Then under the natural security means a system of measures aimed at protecting human rights and of the environment from natural risks such as fires, floods, earthquakes, avalanches, landslides, etc., and under the environmental - protection of the vital interests and rights of the individual, society and the state against threats arising from man-made and other impacts on the environment [4, p.10]. Economic security can be defined as the ability of the economic system to function and develop in conditions of different threats [5 s.245-247]. This principle is important to have the possibility of timely elimination or attenuation to compensate for these threats, avoid their accumulation; overcoming the adverse external influences to ensure stability of the system and its actors. In other words, to achieve a certain level of economic security means having economic, geopolitical, environmental, legal and other conditions that create immunity against the destabilizing effects of the country, supporting its competitiveness on world markets and the stability of the financial situation. The economic security of the state is inconceivable without ensuring decent living conditions and personal development of its citizens, the protection of the vital interests of the country in relation to its resource potential, balance and dynamics of development.  With regard to military security, its understanding of the majority of experts is the same and is defined as the state of protection of the country from the real and potential threats, including attacks on military independence and territorial integrity of the country [6, s.78-81]. Food security refers to the security of the state food resources, the ability of the state, regardless of the external and internal threats to satisfy the needs of the population in food in quantities, quality and assortment, relevant standards and regulations [7, p. 205].

Using the method of analysis of hierarchies can be an examination of all the above types of security. The experience of the analysis carried out based on the data of opinion polls showed that, in the opinion of the population, the foundation of any kind of security technology creates security. The danger of man-made accidents and disasters estimated population is very high, as they lead to the emergence of a number of other hazards, including environmental, economic plan and others. As shown B.S.Mastryukov, the occurrence of technogenic emergencies due to the presence of internal and external sources of man-made hazards [8, p.205].  The most dangerous domestic sources are the ongoing crisis in the economy, the deterioration of the overall socio-economic situation in the country, reducing the level and efficiency of state control over the basic sectors of the economy. No less serious is the risk of progressive depreciation of fixed assets, especially in the chemical enterprises, oil and gas, metals and mining industry, the reason for which, as a rule, is a slowdown in the renewal of fixed capital.

In the structure of internal threats is very important environmental factor, the impact of which is mediated by such phenomena as the increase in the use of hazardous substances and materials, reducing staff training of industrial enterprises, the lack of legal framework requirements for private businesses to protect the environment.  External sources of man-made threats are phenomena such as cross-border transfer of pollutants (hazardous toxic and infectious diseases); appearance at the adjacent territories of foreign technological disasters, man-made international terrorism.  Consequently, the process safety can be ensured reliability of decisions made in different spheres of social control: in the construction and design of buildings; when creating, upgrading capital equipment and damaging mentally and physically worn-out means of production; Training, as well as in the process of creating the legal framework and information management system for the population.
         Thus, based on the above analysis, chemical safety is a system of measures aimed at protecting the vital interests of the person from the adverse effects of chemical threats arising from the violation of the established rules and standards for the manufacture, use, processing, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals that cause a change in the natural composition of the water, soil and air, which has a detrimental effect on humans, animals, vegetation, ecosystems and the biosphere as a whole. Based on this concept and content of the chemical and above national security, we need to make the connection and relationship between these definitions.

Concluding the study of the problem, we came to the conclusion that the chemical safety should be viewed as one component of the overall national security system, and as complex independent system with its internal relationships. Therefore, we propose to amend the Law "On National Security" in the concept and definition of chemical safety, as well as legal means to ensure chemical safety, which are a prerequisite for the sustainable development of society and the way to maintain the required level of quality of life.

References:

1 Tokayev K.K. Overcoming. Diplomatic sketches. - Astana. - 2003 . - 155 pages.

2 Safety of Eurasia - 2002 / Under the editorship of V. N. Kuznetsov. - М: Book and business, 2003. - 540 pages.

3 Lebedev O. T. Management bases: Manual. - SPb. : Publishing house СПбГТУ, 2001. - 388 pages.

4 Makhutov N. A. Gratsiansky E.V.Nauchnye of a safety problem at a turn of centuries//safety Problems at an emergency - 2000. - N1.

5 Diagnostics and modeling of development of the higher school, scientific and technical potential and economy of regions / Under the editorship of S. S. Naboychenko, A.D.Vyvartsa. - Yekaterinburg: Publishing house Uralsk, 2003. - 448 pages.

6 Beysekov S. S. Function of ensuring national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan at a turn of the third millennium of a new era of mankind//Messenger KAZGU. It is gray. Legal. - 2002 . - N3

7 Lebedev O. T. Obrubov Yu.V. Mazinsky Yu.S.Osnovy of social protection of the population. Texts of lectures. / Under the editorship of Yu.V.Obrubova. M: Silver Thread, 2005. - 231с.

8 Mastryukov B. S. Safety in emergency situations: The textbook - M: Prod. Akademiya center, 2004. - 336 pages.