Marinova A.A. undergraduate

Irkutsk national research technical university

Prediction of development of electric power supply strategies for consumers of the Northern Territories and the Arctic.

To date, approximately 20% of our country is beyond the Arctic Circle. This fully or partially includes the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Nenets and Yamal-Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous District. The Arctic is a unique region of the Russian Federation. Differences from the rest of the country relate to virtually all socio-economic aspects of regional development. They concern energy sectors too. The energy system of the Arctic is characterized by a plurality of separate power units, the fragmentation of energy consumers, and northern delivery of fossil fuels, which have become one of the main problems of people and governments of Arctic regions.

The need for autonomous power supply systems has always been topical in the sparsely populated areas of Russia. Especially in demand, self-contained power plants are in Siberia and the Far North, where diesel generators are in most cases the only source of DC power.

More than 60% of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is not covered by a centralized system of energy supply. The main consumers of electricity are the population, public institutions, housing and communal services. Status of diesel power energetic is characterized by a significant deterioration of electrical diesel stations. Overhead lines, extending from diesel generators are made on wooden poles and are worn over 70%.

Arctic is home to a large number of consumers in need of energy autonomy. However, there are several reasons why it is impossible now to establish such a system:

The first reason - severe weather and geological conditions, low stability of ecosystems and the fragility of the natural environment.

The second reason - the inability of traditional methods of production and transportation of electricity and heat. Harsh climatic conditions and the lack of a permanent road network creates great difficulties with the delivery of fuel storage and backup. The high cost of electricity for the population of Arctic uluses, employed in agriculture and have a low income leads to a deterioration in the quality of life in these areas, with strategic importance for our country.

Do not forget about the economic aspects of the paper. Fixed assets of energy in the territories of these regions are worn out and are technically backward,

and to create new objects requires the allocation of a significant amount of money.

Despite the obvious disadvantages, there are obvious advantages of creating an autonomous power supply system. The development of the hydrocarbon potential of the continental shelf of the Arctic seas and northern territories of Russia intended to play a stabilizing role in the dynamics of oil and gas production, offsetting a possible recession production levels in the traditional oil and gas producing regions of Western Siberia in the period 2015 - 2030, which will ensure energy security and sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex Arctic zone and the entire state in the long run.

Arctic areas have great potential for renewable energy sources, primarily hydro resources of small rivers, wind, and geothermal energy, biomass, the use of which would reduce the consumption of expensive and scarce fossil fuels. The use of these energy sources will significantly reduce costs for the purchase and transportation of expensive diesel fuel.

Most of the patterns of production and consumption of energy were developed in 70-80's, when there was no optimization of the opportunities that are available now, and is still in effect. Moreover, the very energy consumption in the Far North is ineffective. Optimization of the thermal regime of buildings, installation of "smart house" systems in the commissioning of facilities, transfer of irresponsible consumers to intellectual tariff scale will significantly help to reduce irrational energy consumption. There is a need for legal means to coerce consumers to save energy by setting a daily wage scale.

Literature:

1. Александров Г.Н. Воздушные линии электропередачи повышенной пропускной способности / Электричество. – 1981. - №7.

2. Александров Г.Н., Ершевич В.В., Крылов С.В. и др. Проектирование линии электропередачи сверхвысокого напряжения. – Л, 1983. – 168 с.

3. Васильев П.Ф., Давыдов Г.И., Нестеров А.С. Альтернативное решение электроснабжения потребителей Арктической зоны Республики Саха (Якутия) / Вестник СВФУ. – 2013. – т. 10. - №4.

4. Локальная энергетика: опыт, проблемы, перспективы развития. http://sakhaenergo.ru/index.php?option=com_contect&task=view&id=312.

5. Энергетическая стратегия Республики САХА (Якутия) на период до 2030 года / Правительство Респ. Саха (Якутия). – Якутск; Иркутск: Медиахолдинг «Якутия», и др.; 2010 – 328 с.