PhD Chernyshev D.Î.
Kyiv National
University of Construction and Architecture
UPDATE THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
OF THE LEADING RESOURCE-TIME INDICATORS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN THE MODELS
OF CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION
In the scientific literature, theoretical and
practical studies in the field of reliability developed in two main directions.
The first direction is related to the development of mathematical methods for
assessing reliability, especially in relation to complex systems. In this case,
based on the statistical processing of the results of observations on failures,
methods are developed that provide a high level of reliability by optimizing
the structure of the system. The second direction is connected with the study
of the physical processes of aging (wear, destruction, etc.). In this case,
develop appropriate methods of calculating the durability and apply
technological methods that provide the necessary reliability of the structural
elements. Today, the theory of reliability reflects the process of mutual
merging of theoretical and practical research, the transfer of rational ideas
from one area to another and the formation of a single science on the
reliability of technology, products, structures, objects, etc., on this basis.
It must be taken into account that the theory of
reliability of construction production and production of goods of the national
economy can not be identified and mutually
complementary for a number of reasons. Unlike the production of consumer goods,
where there is stationary production, a certain staff of workers and constantly
used machines and equipment, construction production has a number of
differences:
Ø the construction includes a large number of various
elements and links between them;
Ø
does
not own a stationary place of production of final construction products; activity
with a high responsibility, which is characterized by the development of
project documentation with a certain procedure of coordination;
Ø
depending
on the volume of construction work, the construction process has a different
time period;
Ø
various
objects, equipment, etc. are used for a particular object;
Ø
depending on each individual object, different
amounts of labor are used in the construction industry;
Ø
contractors
and suppliers are selected on the basis of the cost-effectiveness of logistics
when delivering materials to the facility.
At
present, the issues of improving organizational and technological reliability
based on the definition, taking into account organizational and technological
factors, have a great influence on the efficiency of construction production,
and the methods of managing these factors are becoming particularly relevant.
The lack of methods for
calculating the probabilistic nature of construction production leads to a
decrease in the reliability of organizational, technological and management
decisions in the industry.
The
methodology of system engineering design and management
of organizational and technological cycles of construction
objects is developed, based on the study
of the continuity
of the stages
of the complete
life cycle of the object
and their interrelations with the external environment
(infrastructure, technogenic
and natural factors). A
new concept of biosphere compatibility
of cities and settlements, linking the satisfaction
of rational human needs with
sustainable regional (territorial) development and changing the
worldview of people was developed.
On the deep
conviction of the authors, the
solution to the problem of
town planning should begin with
a change in the city management
system within the framework of
master plans and spatial development
projects of urbanized areas, as all the
management decisions are eventually projected onto the organization of people's livelihoods. The
main factors of destabilization of the urban
environment and regressive development of cities include:
ingredient and parametric pollution of the components
of the natural
environment, territorial expansion ("expansion")
of the city
to the natural
environment through direct direct contact
- transport networks, engineering communications, etc., leading to
Reducing the size and disruption
of the integrity
of natural frameworks, as well as reducing
their sustainability and the effectiveness
of a favorable impact on the
urban environment.
The high rates of global informatization
of modern production, the complication of the systems of all levels created by
man, the change in priorities, conditions, restrictions and construction
projects in general made traditional methods of organizational and
technological design of the investment and construction complex unsuitable,
where changes are manifested at all organizational levels:
• at the level of interconnections of the object
subsystems -> the qualitative complication of the docking of the functional
subsystems of the construction object, their intellectualization, diversified
and knowledge-intensive integration;
• at the level of the object-infrastructure
interconnections -> the aggravation of the contradictions between the
immovable form of the construction object and the growing dynamics of its
infrastructure;
• at the level of interconnections between the
territory of the building and the ecosystem -> the aggravation of the
contradictions between the traditional extensive construction principle and its
actual result - the exhaustion of the biophysical possibilities of the natural
environment.
Consequently, the transition to biosphere -building in
Ukraine should be considered as an important strategic perspective, which will
affect the reform of the content and architectural, constructive, technical and
organizational-technological standards of construction.