Экономические науки / 12. Экономика АПК
Stupen N.
The
Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of
NAAS, Ukraine
METHODOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LAND RESOURCES ASSESSMENT AS
WELL AS APPLICATION AND REPRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN AGRARIAN SPHERE
The current state of processes in
reproduction of land, biological, material, labor and other resources in the
agricultural sector is characterized by heterogeneity, instability, significant
deformation, decrease of environmental and economic impact of agricultural
production. Used methods of farming based on technological and chemical, not
biological methods of influence on system "soil-plant", have resulted
to the destruction of the equilibrium state of the environment, environmental
instability of agricultural landscapes, land pollution with harmful chemicals,
and overall – to the violation of the resource reproducing functions of
biological, climatic, soil and landscape environmental components in the
reproduction cycle of the totality of resources in agriculture.
Reproductive efficiency of land
resources is defined by following main components [2, p. 61–62]: initial
positions that define the meaning of existence and operation of the whole
entire ecological and socio-economic system; essence and content of the most
evaluated resources and its potentials; tree of goals, specifying the criteria
and parameters, evaluation and measurement system that underlie the efficacy
results directions; account of influence of environmental factors systems of
hierarchically higher levels of internal environment and the factors that
determine the impact of the system and are part of its subsystems; the
methodology of quantitative determination of resource potential, its
constituent elements and their structure; substantiation of efficient
performance indicators that are set by objectives tree.
While the first two components
determine the general and specific features of the elements of the economic
system, the effectiveness of which is assessed, the second two components
formulate system of goals and terms of efficiency from the standpoint of
effectiveness criterion, the latter two, in our opinion, reflect the efficiency
of the processes of reproduction of land resources from the perspective of
efficiency performance criteria.
At present, three main
methodological areas of quantitative determination of resource potential of
agrarian sphere were formed [1, p. 50–53; 2, p. 60–61]:
1) index, reflecting the
assessment of potential through resource providing indices. Individual indices
of resource providing are calculated by correlation of value of available
resources in every object of the analyzed aggregate with the base value, the
average of the aggregate. Significant shortcomings of this method are: lack of
opportunity to assess total usefulness of the accumulated resources; lack of
connection of proportionality and balance between different types of resources;
the impact of each type of resource on the end result in the overall result is
recognized as equal and the weight of each factor is not taken into account;
territorial location, specialization and zoning of agricultural production are
not taken into account for the interaction of factors.
2) the economic and statistical methodological direction, establishing
effective rate dependence on changes in the factors and conditions of the
resources use. Correlation-regression method for estimating resource potential
has as its advantages capabilities of the principle of balanced resource that
enables: to assess the resource potential structural changes on the final
figures; to identify a particular type of resource impact on the final figures;
to plan standards of resource providing and resource recoil as well as find the
optimum ratio between them. Besides, this method has some drawbacks.
3) Valuable methodological
direction of the quantitative determination of resource potential of
agriculture based on summation of integrated cost assessment of all resources.
The advantages of cost, monetary assessment of resource potential of agriculture are: possibility of total
monetary evaluation of resource potential of agriculture based on monetary
evaluation of resources, which constitute its material-material base; ample
opportunities to use this method for the comparative evaluation of resource
potential and efficiency for economic actors at different levels of the
economy; dynamic approach to compare and comparative assessment of resource
potential at different times for the effects of possible changes;
representation of resource potential as a framework that provides production
and reproduction possibilities for ecological and socio-economic system and
standard in their dimension.
In our opinion, these advantages
of the method of integral cost assessment of resource potential of agriculture
the most meet the requirements of reproductive system-approach to evaluating
the effectiveness of its formation and use, namely: connect into a whole the
types of resources that make up the resource potential of agriculture; allow to
use the resources provision criterion as one of the universal criteria when
assessing potential opportunities of the environmental and socio-economic
systems; allow us to conclude the resources provision criterion into the basis
of calculating proportions when combined resources; allow to use the indicator
of specific resource potential value in terms of value per unit of land area
(for 100 hectars of arable land or farmland) as a basis for comparison of the
parameters of investigated objects and the development of the resources
provision standards and resource recoil; allow to develop common methodological
approaches and methods of evaluation of resource potential and efficiency of
its use for macro-economic actors, regional and enterprise level.
Significant shortcomings of
integrated resource potential cost assessment should recognize the
incompatibility of their effect on the production of certain resources;
multiplicity and conditional approaches to evaluating individual kinds of
resources; methodological difficulties in assessing land and labor resources;
significant impact of the assessment methods on the resource recoil; lack of
importance of each resource in shaping the final result.
Thus, the above description of
methodological trends in land resources evaluation shows that each of them has
its advantages and disadvantages. Only using a combination of different
methodological approaches, we can overcome the disadvantages of each of them
and use the available benefits. In other words, balance is an obvious
prerequisite for cycling resources in the process of reproduction. Therefore,
each of applied assessment methods should admit the principle of balancing
resources or in the basis of the method or in additional mechanism, expanding
and improving its use.
References:
1. Газуда
М.В. Методика оцінки ефективності використання відновлюваних природних ресурсів
у сільському господарстві / М.В. Газуда // Економічні науки: зб. наук. пр.
– Луцьк, 2014.– Вип. 11 (43). – С. 48–59. – (Серія“Регіональна
економіка”).
2. Федорова
Н.В. Воспроизводственная эффективность ресурсов и их оценка в системе
земледелия / Н.В. Федорова // Вестник Российской академии
сельскохозяйственных наук. – 2012. – № 5. – С. 60–62.