Master of Economics and Business Bissenova R.A.

Kyzylorda State University Korkyt Ata, Kazakhstan

Deposit portfolio and the deposit policy commercial bank

Deposit operations - is the operation of banks on attracting funds of legal entities and individuals on the conditions of return and reward. According to the economic content of the deposits may be grouped into 4 groups:

Passive operation - this important operations, because the adequacy of resources allows for active operations.

It is necessary to show the following sources of formation of resources on the balance of commercial banks:

• acceptance of deposits (deposits);

• opening and maintaining accounts of clients, including banks - of correspondent;

• issue of own securities (stocks, bonds), financial instruments (bills of exchange, deposit and savings certificates);

• obtaining interbank credit resources.

In a brief characterization of these articles liabilities - deposits (deposits) in cash (non-cash) form, in the national (foreign) currency differ on the grounds of:

• of natural and legal persons;

• poste restante or on period by the contract;

• non stable or stable for the bank.

Clients (legal entities) opens bank accounts on which always remained the average balances (credit balance), which are used for active operations.

Savings certificates of deposit, bills of exchange, shares and bank bonds occupy a significant place in the passives developed large (corporate) of banks, and in all countries, at banks develops this source.

The deposit portfolio is an important part of the resource base of commercial banks. From efficiency the management by deposit portfolio depends largely the most important indicators of the credit organization - profitability and liquidity.

Deposit portfolio - set of deposits attracted by the bank. Formation of deposit portfolio should be seen as a continuous cyclic process, consisting of the main stages - analysis (study of "behavior" of customer accounts), planning (orientation on attracting certain customers, customer groups and types of deposits), work on attracting customers (introduction of new products, a flexible tariff policy and individual work with clients) and control.

Evaluating the effectiveness of the deposit resources can be carried out using a number of indicators. The basic requirements are as follows:

- Conditionality of factors influencing the profitability of the bank's activities;

- The interdependence of deposits in all their diversity, and the relationship of the main areas of conducting of active banking operations;

- necessity of using predominant part of the deposit resources in active operations, to income generating.

The final conclusion about the effectiveness of the deposit resources is based on the calculation of indicators of efficiency of use of resources and the profitability of the deposit resources.

For an exhaustive understanding of the effectiveness of the use of deposit resources, should calculate given indicators for several time periods, to compare the values obtained with analogous indicators of other commercial banks.

Deposit policy commercial bank. The main document regulating in commercial banks the process of attracting of temporarily free funds of enterprises, organizations and people on the account in bank, are deposit policy of bank. This is document, which is being developed by each bank independently based on the bank's strategic plan, analysis of the structure, state and dynamics of the resource base of the bank and on the basis of of prospects for of its development.

Deposit policy is a set of measures aimed at mobilizing funds of the legal entities and individuals, as well as of state budget in the form of deposits (deposits) with the aim of their subsequent of the mutually beneficial using.

Deposit policy involves the development of science-based approaches to organization relations of the commercial banks with legal and natural persons and state in occasion attracting their temporary free funds, as well as the definition of goals and objectives in this area and of practical measures for their implementation.

In carrying out deposit policy of are taken into account the principles of organization of deposit operations and their interconnection with aggregate money turnover, ratio the economic and organizational methods in the management of deposit operations, forms of deposit accounts and sphere of their application, procedure of the opening and closing of deposit accounts, the rules transferring funds to and withdrawing of customers, procedure and conditions for the transfer of funds from one account to another deposit, deadline cash storage in deposit accounts.

Deposit policy must, first of all comply with the following:

- economic expediency;

- Competitiveness;

- Internal consistency.

Directions deposit policy of of commercial banks:

- Analysis of the deposit market;

- Determination of target markets for minimization deposit risk;

- Minimization of expenditure in process of raising funds ;

- Optimization of management by deposit and credit portfolio;;

- Maintaining liquidity of bank and improving its sustainability.

Literature

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2. Деятельность коммерческих банков: Учебное пособие/ Под ред. проф., д.э.н. А.В. Калтырина – Ростов н/Д: «Феникс», 2004. – 384 с.

3. Челноков В.А. Банки и банковские операции: Букварь кредитования. Технологии банковских ссуд. Околобанковское рыночное пространство: Учеб. для вузов/ В.А. Челноков. 2-е изд. перераб.М: Высш.школа, 2004, 291 с.

4. Деньги Кредит Банки Ценные бумаги для студентов вузов. Серия «Шпаргалки». Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2004. – 461 с.