Nurymbetova Zhamila
Musical college named after Kurmangazy
The essential characteristics of the
concepts of «value», «value
orientation»
One of the basic categories
of construction of new paradigm of educational philosophy scientists name the
category of value, «Value» refers to the number of scientific concepts.
The concept of
"value" is central to axiology. It put beginning of the special
branch of philosophical science, which investigates nature of values, their
place in reality, structure of the valued world, examines interrelations of different values with
each other, their reflection in the structure of
personality.
The content of concept a
"value" majority of scientists
reveal through the selection of a number of
characteristics, anyway differently peculiar to the forms
of public consciousness: meaningfulness, regulatory, utility, necessity, expediency. The origin of the phenomenon
of value associates, from one side, with objects, phenomena and their
properties, which able to satisfy the certain necessities of man and societies.
From other side - a value comes forward as evaluation judgement of man and
society of relatively existent object or phenomenon.
On this basis, a value is
accepted to examine as a form of display of certain sort of relations between a
subject and object. Only in this case, when social existence of man is seen in the aspect of objective-subject relations, the phenomenon of
value can be fixed. Values, included in the structure of consciousness, allow
the person to express the attitude toward the world, to himself and to other
people. They characterize position of personality, link aims, reasons, options,
persuasions of personality together, as express her options, reasons, valued
orientations.
Methodological basis of our research is an axiology as
theory of values.
Axiological approach is fixed
in basis of opening of essence and maintenance of humanistic orientation of student. Therefore, understanding of aim and
means for us substantially differs from understanding of value as value of
object for a subject.
The purpose and facilities by means of that a result
is achieved, the process is characterized by the activities of technologically
and value – with content and semantic point of view. Teaching
and educational process, which organizes teacher, includes objectives of joint
activities of teachers and students, the criteria for the assessment of its
results based on values.
Values are assigned to a person in the process of life. Value
orientations are not innate. Their source can be only the available values of
the society, where a teacher lives, to that he attaches the children. On this
basis, education becomes the method of transformation of society in the value
of personality, by a method, providing the "transition" of values
from the objective valued system in the subjective valued system of student. From
that, to what values a teacher attaches children, what values they appropriate
(later will initiate their activity, communication and behavior, determine the
value orientations), becoming of basic relations of children depends to
reality, to the people and to
ourselves.
The decision of this task supposes the exposure of
values that form maintenance of orientation of activity of teacher and student.
At the exposure of the system of values we come from that in their structure
necessarily there must be a value of man that in the conditions of global
changes of contemporaneity tries to define senses of life. These senses it is
necessary to search only in existence of man, his values as realized senses of
life. Such an approach
determines the values
of human existential, that is, through the way of its existence.
Each of these groups includes certain property rights.
Therefore, a group of «good» values is the «truth», «desire», «mandatory», «justice»,
«kindness», «honesty», «pleasantness».
Ethic science has not yet determined in the problem of
classification values. This is not talking about her weakness, and constant
search for scientific truth. On the wide range of these problems, indicate the
differences in the views of the scholars concerning the classification of the
values that have already been described by us. Ethics
experts are divided values by the following groups: 1) the material and
spiritual; 2) the real and imaginary, or conceptual; 3) primary, secondary and
tertiary; 4) present, past and future; 5) a priori and a posteriori; 6) final
and instrumental; 7) the utilitarian, aesthetic, legal and moral.
Thus, the phenomenon of humanism pedagogically integrated with
these positions in the activity of teacher, that a teacher must accept a child
for what he is, to see it all human content no matter what the views of the
child sticks. At the same time, the professional activity of the teacher is the
realization of a particular relationship to the social reality, to the student,
to the people, is the realization of certain values that are important not only
for himself but also for the student in a particular period of its development.
In modern education, the question is about forming and updating
for the student of the system of values that he will realize in activity. The
relation of student spreads to all spheres of life.
The pedagogical aspect of
the problem of the individual orientation in surrounded the
world in a general view consists of that, to do the wide range of objective values of culture the article of realization and
experiencing as the special personality necessities, to obtain that objective
values became the meaningful, steady vital grounds of personality, her valued
orientations subjectively.
Thus, the value of man and
his spiritual world is in a great deal determined by the degree of formation of
the system of the valued orientations, the measure of personality involvement
to the ideals of society and its history, the breadth of the range of public
interests, richness and variety of connections.
The valued orientations cannot
be built exceptionally on emotional estimations (it does not mean that emotions
are not included in the structure of normatively-evaluation realization, in the
valued relation). By the criterion of estimation of the realized activity, as a
certain type of relations of student to the world, to the people, there is a
category vehicle of his consciousness to himself. It one of the functions of
the valued orientations.
The valued orientations
also set criteria for estimations of social, political, moral, socially
psychological processes.
The problem of formation of valuable orientations of the person
may be considered in terms of values as vital meanings.
To solve the problem of formation of valuable orientations of
students, it is necessary to clarify the concept of «universal values, or human
values». These guidelines, adopted by the people regardless of their social
class, place of residence, religious and philosophical views are called
universal values.
The process of formation of the valued orientation is
accomplished in certain temporal and spatial scopes. School, being for a
student the center of society in that he lives and operates in very important
moment of the life - period of maturing and self-determination, comes forward
as spatial limitation of process of orientation.
The pedagogical projection
of this law allows to describe essence of process of orientation of students in
the world of values as independent, adequate to the leading values of society
motion of personality, to define the axiological
function of education in the aspect of necessary
transformation of values in the vital functions of school, actualizations of
personality necessities students taking into account the age-related and social
situation of development and character of the mastered values.
Realization of values begins immediately upon their presentation and
carried out gradually, including a comprehension of the content of value
orientations, actions based on them, and methods of implementation of the
possible outcomes. Thus, a conscious motivation, incentive, causing the
necessary manifestation of personality. Valuable orientations at this stage of
awareness acquire the property and guide function when selecting priorities for
action.