Medical sciences / public health services
As. prof. Dubitskiy A.A.
Medical university Astana, Kazakhstan
THE FUTURE IN
THE AMBASSADOR OF DEGREE PREPARATION OF DOCTORS OF THE FIRST HELP
The modern world community is characterized by development of globalization
and information field formation in which acquisition and spread of knowledge
plays a key role. The theory of management is closely connected by knowledge
with the theory of the intellectual capital concerning concepts human, social
and organizational, or the structural capital. This theory is connected also
with concepts of organizational training and the training organization.
Knowledge in the field of medicine has the features which rapid development of
scientific and technical process influences. Therefore to processes and
technologies of development of knowledge in medicine sphere the great value in
a context of satisfaction of the population by quality of medical aid [1,2,3]
is attached.
In the given context the great value gets a parity of the received
knowledge to competences, demanded in modern system of public health services.
The concept of competence has received such popularity because inherently it
concerns work indicators, especially in activity of medical workers. Today in
Kazakhstan there is a real problem of insufficient quality of preparation and
retraining of medical shots. Quality of activity of medical shots directly is
connected with level of the received preparation and the professional
competence.
The primary goal of additional education consists in achievement not only a
high degree of quality of knowledge, skills and abilities experts in the course
of training, but also mastering by a corresponding stereotype of behavior which
would satisfy requirements of modern system of public health services [4,5,6].
Working out of new approaches at an additional education stage provides
increase of responsibility of the state in the field of perfection of standards
of retraining of medical workers, professional requirements to the competence of
doctors, their licensing and certification, and also accreditation of the
higher educational institutions having the license for this appearance of
activity [7].
Prompt development of modern administrative, organizational, diagnostic,
medical and rehabilitation medical technologies assumes realization of the
innovative approach in educational process after degree formation. Retraining
of experts both clinical, and a theoretical profile demands a considerable
intensification of educational process. So, if earlier was obligatory
retraining or improvement of professional skill of the doctor each five years
now this period should be reduced. Therefore application of modular system
after degree formation and remote training, is represented enough actual problem
of modern development of the Kazakhstan public health services. In the given
context ordering of necessary knowledge, skills, abilities and competences
doctors demands working out of scientifically well-founded standards.
High qualification of the doctor of the first help - the major factor,
called to improve quality of rendering of emergency medical aid to the
population. Only the competent expert owning in necessary volume of theoretical
knowledge and practical skills, capable to prove algorithm of the actions, in a
condition to solve this challenge. Therefore constant, continuous professional
development of the ambulance surgeon creates a basis for high efficiency of its
daily work. Perfection and expansion of knowledge of the doctor at the moment
occurs much faster rather as their volume, a hook and qualities. The quantity
of researches on the basis of positions of demonstrative medicine grows, new
knowledge of features of an etiology and development of sharp diseases are
created. From these positions representations about conducting patients and
victims at a pre-hospital stage, reliability and efficiency of diagnostic and
medical actions are reconsidered. The role of modern technologies in various
aspects of activity of the medical worker of the first help amplifies. All it
demands constant perfection of knowledge and abilities in the form of
continuous medical education that is most effectively realized through system
after degree preparation.
Traditionally in sew to public health services system this problem dared by
five years' cycles of certification, passage of certification and computer
testing. However during this period level of continuous medical education of
medical workers of the first help was defined basically by them, their
abilities and desires.
Now character of modern requirements to quality of retraining of medical
workers can be estimated on its condition and a perfection direction in some
developed countries which features are:
- A choice of a way of continuous formation (courses, conferences, a
writing of articles etc.);
- Possibility of a choice that of improved theoretical knowledge and
practical abilities, and as time and a venue of courses;
- Reduction of time of a separation from practice (a training
intensification, use target as working days, remote training);
- Use of modern ways of active training - dialogue employment with
possibility of an individual estimation of knowledge during representation of
patients;
- Maintenance of continuous control of continuous medical education (a set
of certain quantity of credits);
- Use of modern information technology (all process of continuous medical
education are spent with use of access to the Internet.
Hence, possibility of a choice of a kind, volume, a place and time of
continuous medical education, use of active and remote methods of training,
maintenance of constant control - here some advantages modern western after the
degree formations of medical workers of the emergency help.
Question financial side also seems advantageous. On the one hand, in a year
2-3 % of the annual salary is spent for continuous medical education, with
another — its support for the state looks less expensive.
To be well informed about new achievements of medicine, doctors of the
first help regularly study the modern medical literature, are engaged on
medical education courses etc. In many magazines and on specialized medical
sites the special sections containing teaching materials are published. After
development by that and answers to control questions it is possible to receive
certain quantity of points (credit). In credits all kinds of study (independent
study of a material, a writing of scientific articles, participation in work of
conferences, etc.) are estimated. The certain sum of credits grants the right to
certificate acknowledgement.
The system of memory credits in последипломном formation of experts of the first help has unique function - its use as
component of the account of an academic load. At such approach the system of
memory credits completely corresponds to the international requirements. It
provides comparable conditions for an estimation of the academic progress and
promotes their mobility in the country at transition from one
treatment-and-prophylactic establishment in another, and also mobility at the
international level.
One of the innovative approaches directed on improvement of quality of the
organization of preparation of doctors of the first help creation of the block
of the documents reflecting the basic results of training and assured teacher
by them concerns. It includes records of listeners about clinical cases in
practice, about mastered clinical and ' business skills, about visiting of
additional educational actions of various level.
Transition from incidental improvement of professional skill of medical
workers of the first help (1 times in 5 years) to continuous medical education
and credit system of its estimations makes demands to individual motivation of
perfection of their professional qualifying level, ability of a self-appraisal
and introspection.
Self-training - one of effective approaches in continuous medical education of
experts of the first help. The initiative trained becomes its basic element.
They independently define problems and requirements, formulate the purposes,
and carry out the actions, available resources of training, estimate its
results. Visiting of conferences, seminars, virtual and real consultations of
teachers on not clear questions are an integral part of system of
self-education. At self-training a principal value such methods, as analysis of
cases from practice have, drawing up of reports and others. A special role
models and technologies of remote formation, wide use of modern communication
media urged to play. Introduction of remote technologies allows intensifying
and developing creative and mental abilities of medical workers of the first
help by means of open access to all information modules of the program.
Thereupon changes in sphere of continuous medical education should be carried
out in following directions:
- Creation of the program regulating performance of training and
supervising components;
- Working out actually these components;
- Internet resource creation on maintenance of continuous medical
education;
- Reformatting of cycles/courses in a direction of reduction of their
duration, an intensification of training, a variety on forms and contents.
Thus, studying of experience of post degree training of experts in the
various countries has shown necessity of change for system of the continuous
medical education which performance will demand radical changes. Modern medical
education should be initiative and to be directed on activity and independence
trained, to give the chance to adapt in due time for changing conditions.
The literature:
1. Chernov A. The basic historic-theoretical stages of development of
concepts of a global information society. The information. Diplomacy.
Psychology. Moscow - 2008. - 616 with.
2. Smith P.J., Smythe, E. (2003). Globalization, citizenship and new
information technologies: From the MAI to Seattle. Chapter 14 in this book.
3. Scarborough H. I. and I. Knowledge Management: A literature
review//Institute of Personal and Development. - London, 2009. - P. 25-79.
4. Smirnova T. Vestnik of the
higher school of Kazakhstan. - 2004. - With. 4-6.
5. Donabedian A.A. Guide to Medical Care Administration.//Washington:
American Public Health Association, 1969. - P. 25-37.
6. A Ljubljana charter on reforming of public health services EUR/CARE 94 01/CNOL
- 1996. - Rev 1. - P.2.
7. Chepin O. P, Filatov B.V., Nechaev B.C., Etc. After the
degree medical education and national public health
services. Moscow, 2000. - 108 with.