Economic sciences/10. Economy of enterprise
O. S. Shtan'ko
Vinnytsya national technical university, Ukraine
Contract approach to the regulation
of energysaving in the enterprises
While formation prognoses and models of
the power development of AIC enterprises of the Ukraine
should assume that the main tendency hereafter stay
amplification of the influence of the market relation factor. Such integration
of the priorities – ensuring saving
usage of scarce resources in condition
achievement of market substantiated industry efficiency – needs new problems
set-up, conception and methods for overcoming of the complex pf the problems.
Due to the variety of scientific approaches to the solution of energysaving
problems, it becomes more importance
research into the role of the contracts and contract regulation. Correspondingly, the task is consists of
substantiate of the possibility of contract approach to minimize transaction costs of economic relation
participant in the regulatory scheme as a prerequisite to maximizing the total
cost and energy saving effect.
The study of the contract approach in the management theory accomplished
such foreign scientist as George Akerlof, Ar. Alchian, O. Williamson, J-J.
Lafon, P. Milgrom, J. Roberts, M. Spence, J. Stiglitz, M.Harris, O.Hart,
B.Holmstrom and others; adaptation of such experience in the post-Soviet space,
incl. Ukraine accomplished V. Semzov, G. Zhuravl’ov, B.Korneychuk, V. Luz’, M.
Odinzova, A. Oliiynyk, V. Tambovzev, M. Yudkevich and others. Namely by these authors fundametal
principles of the contracts theory were formulated. However, known research by
these direction need applied adaptation.
Rapid growth of the attention to
the role of contracting factor is explained by certain exhaustion of the possibilities of already known approaches to the explanation of the
essence of social and economic problems. In this relation the contract approach
is considered first of all as the tool,
used for efficiency
increase of functioning of economic entities activity by
means of interests regulation of parties to the agreement, which are connected with the rational use of
resources.
Problems of contracting of economic relations are connected with the factors of information asymmetry.
This requires the elaboration of the efficient benefit mechanism in order to
avoid opportunism from the agents side, as well as provides the existence of limited rationality of
contract relations participants, that, in its turn, stipulates for - as the
main task of contracts - minimization
of transaction expenses between the participants of contractual
relations.
The main task of the contract should be considered regulation of the
interests of participants of contract relations. Namely contracts may be used as the tool of providing interests balance between the state and market
agents (enterprises), as well as within
an separate organization, for example, for clear definition of the
relationships between staff and management, middle and top management, etc.
Perfect contracts of such kind are
referred to the s. c. "relational." Herewith, the obligatory
condition of this agreement is the
existence of the possibility of permanent coordination of sides interests for the duration of the
agreement by means of usage of noncodified mechanisms. Such mechanisms, as a
rule, do not concern the change of
general provisions of the Contract (main goal, objectives, mechanisms for
solution of the conflict). The effect of
optimization of the relations between the parties based on this type of
contract is due not only for resources
savings, but also promoting the creation of synergy effect (maximizing of efficiency or total value).
The study of the problem of low energy efficiency in agricultural
enterprises activity testified that there is existence of the disbalance
between realization of the separate functions of energy management. Thus,
functions of the control and the planning in the sphere of energysaving is more
developed, than functions of organization and motivation. Such disbalance can
be explained, that in the activity of the majority enterprises with imperfect
energy management, sides of the contract are interested in economic
(final) result, stipulated for planning
and control of production efficiency, but not the mechanism of its achievement,
submitted in the first turn by functions of motivation and organization.
Characteristics of typical relational contract in the sphere of
energy-saving, on the level of typical
production enterprise, can be described in such a way:
- distinct identification of goal and objectives without detailing of the employees function;
- certain freedom in making more effective decisions;
- the possibilities to the creation a favorable moral and psychological
climate in the organization;
- realization of contract relations is concentrated on horizontal level
(between the specialists)
- creation the condition for taking into account the opinions and suggestions from all groups
of agents; involved in the project
- The availability of the potential and reserves for additional incentive
of contract relationship participants on
condition of effect achievement, as well as availability and general
acceptance of clear criteria of such effect;
- The availability of mechanisms,
aimed at prevention of manifestations of rent-oriented behaviour
of main group of agents - parties
of contract relations
To provide stable social and economic development of agricultural sector
modern contracting must include a set of obligatory principles, directed to
providing compromises of interests between parties of the contract relations,
in particular, the principle of adequate information and statistic reflection,
correspondence of the principle “effect-reward”, stimulation and partner
responsibility and others.
Thus, elaboration and introduction in practice relation promotional
contracts as the tool of optimal concentration can be considered as efficient
element of modern management of agricultural enterprises in the sphere of
energy-saving.