PhD
of agriculture sciences B.J. Baimbaev
Kostanai State University named after Ahmet
Bajtursynov. Kazakhstan
The
influence of different methods of processing unproductive soils on content of
moisture and the value of harvest of barley
The researches are hold in the stationary place
situated in the territory of Kostanay Research Institute of Agriculture.
Content of humus was 2,33-2,74% in the top soil.
The value content of mobile forms of nitrogen and
potassium was above the critical level, and mobile phosphorus was in low-grade.
Exchangeable sodium content was 10-17% of the absorption of the complex salinity horizon. In the study area the main
source of soil moisture reserves were
precipitation, that were about 264,2-476,2 mm per year.
Variants of the experiment:
1.
Disking + deep
tillage (30-33 cm)+ disking (control)
2.
Milling +deep
tillage (30-33 cm)
3. Milling +deep tillage (38-40 cm)
4. Rotor processing (38-40 cm) +milling
5. Longline plowing (38-40 cm) + milling
6. Plantage plow (38-40 cm.) + milling
Therefore used techniques of tillage are important for
the accumulation and protection of moisture from losses.
This problem is particularly important for salinity
and unproductive soils.
It is known that the moisture content of the soil in the spring depends
on the autumn moisture of the top soil, the physical properties and the ability
of the soil to absorb water [1]. The future harvest depends on the stock of
productive moisture in the early growing season [2, 3].
Contents of productive moisture in average for the
years of research:
Plantage plow — 143.1-163.9 mm. humid
Rotor processing — 141.0-154.2 mm. humid
Friable cultivating — 117.8-145.5 mm. humid
Reserve of moisture of control sample was smaller on 11,7-17,7% and
9,8-11,2% with respect to plantage and
rotor plowings (table 1).
Table 1 Influence of ameliorative proceedings at the
content of productive moisture in meter of soil during sowing barley, mm
|
Variants of
ameliorative processing |
Content
of productive moisture, mm |
||||
|
The 1-st crop after fallow
field |
The 2-nd crop after fallow field |
The 3-rd crop after fallow field |
The 4-th crop after fallow field |
Average |
|
|
1 |
126.2 |
145.5 |
129.5 |
117.8 |
129.8 |
|
2 |
124.5 |
138.9 |
134.9 |
129.6 |
132.0 |
|
3 |
133.3 |
144.4 |
138.0 |
130.1 |
136.5 |
|
4 |
151.2 |
154.2 |
149.2 |
141.0 |
148.9 |
|
5 |
141.9 |
147.2 |
133.6 |
139.5 |
140.6 |
|
6 |
163.9 |
160.9 |
143.1 |
156.0 |
156.0 |
Moisture reserves in the first meter of soil barley
were decreasing to 19,1-37,8 millimeters in dry years by the end of the growing
season, and in the upper horizon its content
was falling to 1.5-9 mm and even till the dead reserves.
In comparison with having
productiveness of barley which on
average in the three sowing, variant of the deep loosening to a depth of 38-40
cm, provides a higher harvest (10.6 h / ha) than the variants without deepening
(table 2).
Table 2 Harvest of barley depending on the methods of
processing, h/ha
|
Variants of
ameliorative processing |
Harvest
of barley, h/ha |
||||
|
The 1-st crop after fallow
field |
The 2-nd crop after fallow field |
The 3-rd crop after fallow field |
The 4-th crop after fallow field |
Average |
|
|
1 |
5.8 |
11.8 |
7.7 |
14.3 |
9.9 |
|
2 |
5.4 |
12.1 |
7.7 |
15.0 |
10.0 |
|
3 |
6.5 |
12.1 |
8.0 |
15.9 |
10.6 |
|
4 |
8.7 |
15.5 |
9.5 |
19.0 |
13.2 |
|
5 |
7.2 |
15.0 |
8.6 |
18.4 |
12.3 |
|
6 |
8.0 |
16.4 |
9.8 |
19.5 |
13.4 |
Increasing the depth of cultivation on a background of
deep loosening on the first culture after a fallow field increased the harvest
by 1.1 h / ha, in the subsequent fields of the crop this advantage was saved,
but with the removal of culture from a fallow field difference was
disappearing. Plantage plowing and rotor cultivating shown the highest harvest
(13.2-13.4 h/ha). Harvest of plantage variant was higher by 1.1 a \ ha in the
second crop , due to the improvement of agro properties of soil and advantages of this processing. The fourth
crop was in the more favorable
conditions on hydration, which provided the highest harvest in all variants
of experiment. Harvest of barley was
somewhat lower on the background of longline plowing , but it exceeded
productivity of variant of the deep loosening.
And so creating optimum friability addition and
porosity of soil , by dint of various methods of processing, it is
possible the most lots of accumulate and retain
productive moisture, thereby ensuring
the cultivated crops moisture reserve during the growing season and get the highest harvest.
Bibliography
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39…44.
2.
Tulajkov N.M. Izbrannye proizvedenija. – M.: Sel'hozizdat. – 1963. p 312.
3.
Kabanov P.G. Pogoda i pole. – Saratov: Privolzhskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo. –
1975. p. 228.