CLUSTER IS ONE OF THE MEANS

OF REGIONAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

Kudabaeva L.A.

Taraz State University named M.H.Dulati, Taraz city

In the years since the start of market reforms, Kazakhstan has made a certain progress in forming a new system of economic relations between the center and the regions. However, the regional economic policy existing in the country is in the form which it is still far from those that exist in many foreign countries. Its becoming largely constrained by the state of inter-budgetary relations. However, many prominent economists believe that the role of the central authorities in the economic development of the regions should be much more significant.

Because of the differences between the objectives of intergovernmental relations and regional national economic policy, these two components of economic interrelations between the center and the regions are administered by different ministries. Inter-budgetary relations - is the prerogative of the Ministry of Finance, regional economic policy – the Ministry of Economy. Such departmental division is quite natural: The Ministry of Finance is responsible for the occupancy of the state budget, the Ministry of Economy - for economic development [1].

The role of regional policy in Kazakhstan in the years of independence was diverted mainly to inter-budgetary relations. Until now, a significant portion of expenditures of the republican budget is spent for the financial assistance (grants, subsidies, etc.) to local budgets, purposefully allocated to individual territories. Therefore inter-budgetary relations – is the sphere of state regulation of territorial development, in which in recent years the reforms are actively held.

As the experience of foreign countries shows, the use of separate
or in various combinations of instruments of regional economic policy led to significant advances, particularly in reducing the gap in the levels of socio-economic development of regions. It is possible to identify a clear tendency: this is an emphasis on promotion of the development in the regions of high-tech production, which is carried out through the creation of technology parks, competitive advantage through innovation, the development of education q% etc.

Innovative way of development of the region suggests mandatory support for basic sectors of the economy as a basis of reconstruction of regional economy. In this regard, the dominant principle in innovative politics of the region becomes the principle of "clustering" [2].

The President in his message said: "We have chosen the model of a competitive economy with priority sectors that have economic potential of improving competitiveness, it is considered that it gives the foundation for the development of clusters of Kazakhstan". Hence it follows that the economy today should be viewed through the prism of clusters, rather than through more traditional grouping of companies, industries, or sectors, such as in the manufacture or maintenance.

First of all, clusters are in better agreement with the very nature of competition and sources of competitive advantages. Clusters better than the industry cover important communication, complementarity between branches, resource-saving technologies, information, skills, materials and customer requirements on firms and industries. Most of the cluster participants do not compete directly with each other, they just serve different segments of the industry. Cluster provides the possibility of holding a constructive and effective dialogue between relative companies and their suppliers, with the government and with other institutions. Public and private investments, directed at improving the functioning of the cluster benefit from many firms.

The cluster approach makes it possible to actualize the activity of regional link of management with the involvement of local finance. The corporative decisions will lead to the emergence of new resources that are considered to be general and are used in the interest of all participants in the innovation process based on the concerted management of financial flows. We believe that companies and organizations united in clusters, can expect the following results: increasing poverty and expanding field of activity; separation of distribution cost and risks; speed and flexibility; increase of opportunities in attracting investments [3].

All of these existing conditions and opportunities, as well as coordinate republican and regional policy of creating favorable climate for innovation will allow: to establish an effective infrastructure of cluster, to increase the competitiveness of phosphoric industry in the international market and to create more additional vacancies, to expand the export base and production of import-substituting products; to proceed with the modernization and reconstruction of the enterprise.

List of references

1. The public sector in AP. // Economist. - 2004. - №9.
2. An innovative model of the region development // Economist. – 2002.
3. Regional economy / ed. V.N. Vidyanin. - M.:INFRA-M, 2002.