Senior Lecturer Bashuk А.

National University of Krivyi Righ, Ukraine

Innovation and investment activity in the present conditions

The main features of innovation - today's investment process is cyclical and phasing, the essence of which is that any new knowledge is a full cycle until the moral deterioration, components, implemented it, and processes in the context of individual stages and phases.

Some definitions of the innovation cycle is considered "truncated" structure that provides, at best, introduction of new product prototypes. This is due to the trends observed in innovation in recent periods. Then results about 85 % of all scientific research, which culminated in the country annually, implemented only 1-2 companies, and on five or more business be spread only 1-2% of research results.

Innovation and investment activities as facility management is a very large industry that encompasses a set of complex and heterogeneous processes and phenomena. It is therefore often innovative - investment processes are also considered to be the subject of management. There is no contradiction, because innovation - investment activity is a more general concept and covers a set of innovation - investment processes, depending on the purpose and capabilities of businesses.

Based on innovation - the investment process is the life cycle of a new product: Since the emergence of new ideas and the practical exploitation of consumers. According to some experts [4], the innovation process as a multi-functional category can be seen in at least three ways: as a parallel- serial implementation of research, investment, innovation, production and marketing activities, as the temporary stages of the life cycle of innovation from the idea to its development and dissemination , as the financing and investment development and distribution of new products or services. In this case, the process acts as an innovation - investment project as a special case of a widespread practice in business investment project.

In general, innovation - the investment process is to obtain and commercialize the invention of new technologies, products, services and solutions manufacturing, financial, administrative or other measures and other results of intellectual activity.

In foreign studies on the issues of innovation and investment process has three main models successive. They characterize the specific understanding of the innovation process as object management and product perspective of production at different times.

I. Thus, in the 1950s of the twentieth century innovation - regarded investment process with a model of technological push. In this model, it covers all activities ranging from research and development to implementation and new product to the consumer. This approach reflected the priority of applications and production phases of innovation and was a typical example of the trends of production that existed at that time, especially in industrialized countries.

II. In 1960 the twentieth century occurred strengthening market trends in manufacturing. As a result, there have been changes in the innovation sphere. Then another model was used innovation - the investment process - the model of "market (needs) - the driving force (push)." It is considered a hallmark of concentration of effort is on sale in the stage of development, production and sales of a new product. However, experts believe that a common characteristic of the two models mentioned innovation - investment process is that derived its main impetus performed research and development, while market factors did indirectly influence the ongoing development of production and management, progressive intellectualization of labor and increasing the role of market factors in the innovation environment resulted in the 1970 another change to the basic model innovation - the investment process.

III. The new model was named the uniting and representing a generalized version of the model previously used. At the time of her preference was to provide balance and complementary relationships between science and marketing activities within the innovation - the investment process. According to this model, the innovation process - coherent, though not necessarily a continuous process, which is divided into various functional without interacting and independent stages. On the other hand, innovation - investment process is a complex set of internal and inter-organizational ties that unite the various functional units in the middle of the field, companies and units of scientific and technical community as a whole of the market. As a result of the merger process provided opportunities for products and market needs. In this model, technology is not the main element: technological innovation must be accompanied by innovations in organization, management, production, marketing. This interpretation of innovation - investment process as a process of sequential was specific characteristic of all these models.

IV. Further accelerating the development of productive forces, the emergence of powerful computational tools, the exhaustion of mineral resources led in the 1980s of the twentieth century, the use of the logistic model integration. Unlike advanced Western countries the pace of innovation sphere in our country do not correspond to the total. This is primarily due to the difficulties in the formation of internal innovation market, financial and economic standing of its members and others. Therefore, in modern Ukrainian practice, the most common of the aforementioned first model - a model of technological push.

Requirements (science, production, social, human)		The emergence of new knowledge - basic research			Factors (information, investment, financial resources, market infrastructure)
		Assessment of practical application
		Development of new technical principles
		Industrial research and development	Marketing
		Assessment of the extent of innovation
		Inventive activity
		Production	Marketing
		Diffusion
		Innovative activity
		The emergence of new requirements for production
		Obsolescence of products
		Substitution, elimination

Rice. 1. Generalized model of the innovation process in the enterprise

Analysis of the models used in national surveys [3], suggests that they have not fully reflected or lacking such important elements as feedback, factors and types of needs that lead to the emergence of innovative impulses.

References

1. Закон України «Про інвестиційну діяльність» // відомості ВР України, 1991. – № 47. –С.1321–1359.

2. Friedmann J. Regional development policy. Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1966.

3. Сафонов Ю.М. Принципи державної інноваційної політики України / Ю.М. Сафонов // Науковий вісник Національного університету державної податкової служби України (економіка, право). – 2011. – № 1(52). – С. 81-88.

4. Шумпетер Й. Теория экономического развития – М.:Прогресс. 1982. – 456с.