GRADUATE
STUDENT
The
accounting management should be understood to mean a system of conditions and
elements of accounting process in order to obtain true and timely information
on business activity of an enterprise and maintain control of efficient use of
production resources and finished goods. Its purpose is improvement and
rationalization of information processing, assignment of work to accounting
staff, scientific labour management.
Accounting
management is a complex of measures carried out by owner of an enterprise that
are directed to ensure the registration of business facts, their generalization
in order to obtain the required information to draw up reports and make
management decisions.
The
accounting management and maintenance procedure in Ukraine is regulated by the
Ukrainian Law “On Accounting in Ukraine” and Accounting Provision (Standard)
since January 1, 2000.
Pursuant to the Ukrainian Law “On Accounting and
Financial Statements in Ukraine” the accounting policy is a system of
principles, methods and procedures that are used by an enterprise to draw up
and submit financial statements. That is a choice made by an enterprise itself
of certain and specific methods, form and techniques for maintenance of
accounting records based upon the current regulatory enactments and
peculiarities of enterprise activities.
One of the integral parts of order on enterprise
accounting policy is a working chart of accounts. The working chart of accounts
should guarantee such accounting management that accounting registers are kept by systematized
method, the data of accounts should ensure to draw up financial statements to
the full extent as well as these data can be used for management needs of an
enterprise. This chart provides with all necessary accounts for accounting of
operating, financial and investment activity of enterprises.
Carrying out its business activity an enterprise
should be governed by the Provision on Accounting Department, Enterprise Accounting
Policy and Duty Regulations. The main tasks of accounting are to ensure the
accounting of commodity and material valuables, resources and money means of an
enterprise.
The head of an enterprise bears the responsibility for
accounting and financial statement management at an enterprise. The chief
accountant ensures the accounting management and control in the structural
units according to efficient and economic consumption of material and financial
resources, reservation of enterprise’s property. He
reports directly to director.
The primary accounting of non-current assets
represents an initial stage of system perception and registration of certain
operations that characterize business processes and events at an enterprise. The
primary documents in which preliminaries on business facts at units of trade
enterprise are represented should be completed at this stage of accounting work.
The basic requirements to draw up primary documents are set forth in the
Ukrainian Law “On Accounting and Financial Statements in Ukraine”.
Any and all operations that are subject to accounting
should be completed according to principles of full coverage by primary
accounting documents.
The variety and a large volume of primary accounting
data, different conditions of their receipt and registration, a great number of
places for their incurrence, from which the primary information is obtained, a
considerable complexity of process to fill in information media and other
peculiarities lead to certain difficulties to carry out the work at the first
state of accounting process, especially in the process of its computerization.
The output data obtained due to observation and
primary representation of carried out business operations are the basis for
information of accounting, management and tax accounting.
The accuracy and reasonableness of management
decisions depend on data reliability, time period of their obtainment,
processing and transfer to interested persons.
The primary
accounting of non-current assets in the system of enterprise management ensures
the resolving of the following tasks: obtainment of information on inflow,
capitalization, transfer and disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment and
intangible assets; obtainment of information on acknowledgement and relief of
long-term receivables; constant taking of measures to increase reliability, accuracy
and timeliness accounting data on non-current assets of an enterprise; integrated
orientation of accounting information on non-current assets and use of
standardized forms for primary accounting documentation.
List of References:
1.The Ukrainian Law “On Accounting and Financial
Statements in Ukraine” approved by the Decree of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
(the Supreme Council of Ukraine) dated 16.07.1999 (amended and revised).
2.V.G. Shvets Theory of Accounting: Textbook. – K.:
Znannya-Pres, 2008.
– 535 p.