Aiman Sovet Aktanova
Dramatic collision in eventual verses of Shakarim
The Semey National Pedagogical
Institute
Candidate of philological
science
The dramatic effect is an esthetic category that one can find in all the
genres of literature. It exists along with notions of esthetic psychology,
history, arrogance, decay. If we suppose that a belles letter always shows
human life, soul of a human being, all the abovementioned esthetic categories
emerged on the basis of daily activity in life of people.
In
literature researches the dramatic
effect is
considered on the basis of arrogance, height, a pure
human soul, nobleness. It considers – on the result of activity during clashes
full of fighting events. Along with this, the dramatic effect is a connecting part on the basis of social and
cultural contradictions.
Artistic dramatic effect according to social and
historical features of each period having common and individual character in
settlement of conflicts sometimes has tragic traits, sometimes has comic
traits. On the whole the term of dramatic effect in polysemantic aspect
represents: a category of esthetics, a category of poetic element, a genre
category. The lyrical genre is based on feelings that results in lyrical
dramatic effect which is found out of the mentioned three signs.
Nevertheless, we should mention
that connection between a lyrical person i.e. the lyrical ego and the world
forms on the known level his personal perception of the world. Various
contradictions and collisions in the social surrounding of a concrete
historical society impress the growing up artist. This way, various collisions
of that social surrounding create personal dramatic effect of the poet's works.
In Kazakh literature such a poet, who lived in that contradictory society and
formed his literary cast of mind, lyrical existence is Shakarim.
The artistic dramatic effect of his
inner world in works of the poet is an answer to various contradictions of the
society. When we speak about the formed lyrical person of Shakarim in
literature, first of all we tell that it is based on high humanity. Basic
collisions in works of Shakarim grow between humanity and contradicting it
ideas. It shows connection between the poet's personal world and the
surrounding world, its spiritual life history, epoch.
Shakarim wrote such poems with complicated collisions:
«Englik-Kebek», «Kalkaman-Mamyr», «Nartaylak-Aisulu», «Leila-Mejnun», «Life of
Moutylghan», which show, that he is a master of epic genre.
There are many his works written on
subjects based on lyrical works observing one composition line. The poet’s
verse “The rich man and guest” was published in publishing house “Zhardem” in
1912 in a book “Kazakh mirror”. The event starts with coming guest’s greetings.
And in the third couplet of the verse:
It is not only food that he is seeking,
He also has another thing.
The rich man and his guest are friendly when he came,
But when he leaves – they are enemies
These lines show how the event finished, and he gives
his personal conclusion. Thus, this is still not the conclusion of the poet,
not his last opinion. The event of the verse develops as a dialogue. National
tradition and customs of Kazakh people is shown in this small dialogue
according to historical features. The collision between the guest and the rich
in the lyrical verse starts with the guest's request of money at first, then
the fat of horse. Such situational event shows psychology of a poor and a rich
man. In the verse the meeting and greeting of the guest and the rich man, moments
of asking about the condition of cattle are developed truly.
It is not
only food that he is seeking,
He also has
another thing.
The rich and
his guest are good when he came,
But when he
leaves – they are enemies
Is your peoples cattle fat? – he said,
«It is still not very fat» - he said,
«But when I saw your horses on the way,
your horses are quite fat?» - he said
In these
couplets the dialogue between the guest and the lord shows truly the inner
interlaced psychological conflict. The rich man feeling the reason of the
guest's coming to him, does not want to give out the condition of his cattle.
But the guest having seen the rich man's cattle on the way, hints that he knows
something, showing this way what about will be the further conservation. The skill
of Shakarim is that he as a physiologist knows deeply the life of Kazakh
people, moreover he is especially capable in showing such a problem.
I have a small question for you,
Give me some money,
If you don't have it, give me some horse's fat,
I would boast, tell my enemies, and manage
But if you don't give the both,
You set your face against me, what can I tell?
- this starts with a dialogue based on the personal
conflict in the couplet. Only from this small dialogue we realize the growing
case between the guest and the rich man. At the culmination of the event, the
rich man says to his guest:
I don't have fat horses this year,
And don't have available money,
So, I would be glad to help, but it is not possible,
You are in difficult situation, - he says – it is his
answer, and the end of the event:
The guest was hurt,
And he wants to take revenge that he ignored him,
that he gave him neither money nor horse's fat
Many people hate that rich man, - such a thought is
given not just as an author's attitude. He shows why the guest was offended.
The reception that was arranged by the rich man – he cut up a sheep, prepared a
tasty dinner for his guest, but all this was just in vain, and that from the
moment the guest will everywhere tell that the rich man is an avaricious
person. As it is his way, at the end of the verse, he raises the issue of
humanity, and appraises concluding:
What is the fault of the rich man, he made a good
dinner of a sheep,
He drank kumys, he drank tea and ate much meat and was
full,
So this guest was too dishonest, I know,
So the rich man did not give his cattle, but it is his
cattle,
And the image of the rich man won't be left good,
Because the mood of the guest was not good,
So when Kazakhs will be the people,
Who don't hope to live at the cost of other, oh, my
God!
The poet found out a way to teach humanity showing the
shameless character of some persons, who used to live at the expense of others
on the example of the guest. The reason is that the people seeing such persons
will have aversion to them, and try not to follow their behavior.
Also the verse «Mature and immature» of Shakarim for
the first time was published in the collection of «Kazak mirror». There is no
visible collision and conflict. But the main dramatic effect here is shown via
behavior of a rich man's clumsy child. The event starts thus:
Sons of a rich and poor men went hunting,
On strong horses raking around,
Having seen a roaming fox,
Overtook it unintentionally putting in the hole.
Started with these lines, and the beginning of the
dramatic conflict is seen from the rich man's son request: «let the horse to
graze to be full, binding it up, until we finish our work» that show them
business like. It is seen that the dramatic conflict starts from the poor son
«after the rich son ordering, he involuntarily tied». The poet lets know that
the poor son knows how to manage with household with these words. The reason
for this is that after letting the horses to graze, hungry horses ran away, and
they had to go on foot to find their auls.
This way the two boys’ activity leads gradually to the conflict. The
poet shows the distinction of tension and culmination via the mature and
immature deeds in the events of the verse.
Both last concluding stances give the works of Shakarim inherent
appraisal. He gives concluding opinion from the third person as an observer.
Such a conclusion of the author that ends every verse on united level can be identified as his unique style.
Shakarim's verses idea is a problem of humanity, then the dramatic collision of
the poet's works develop around the problem.
«Offence
and temperance» is a verse of eight couplets, twenty six strophes. The feature,
subject and composing link in the verse base on the artistic dramatic effect.
The dramatic condition in the couplet is growing according to the beginning of
composing motive of the verse.
I used to write what I know,
Deciding firmly
I used to tell about shortcomings,
So that to perfect my people.
I don't have hazy thoughts,
The efforts that I spent.
There is nobody to explain,
My wrong steps.
- these lines clearly show the pity of the poet's
lyrical person to his people, the contradiction between his «wrong steps» and
that no one of the people stepped forward to tell about it. The combination «deciding
firmly» formed in Kazakh concept shows that the lyrical character engaged in
the matter with honesty, all his passion. The lyrical character decided firmly
to start acting. He is glad to work hard to improve the people. The second
couplet continues the idea of the first one. Here we can see that the lyrical
character is sad, and that he suffers inner psychological collision.
Nevertheless the lyrical character decided firmly not to give up his purpose
and calls his strength and thoughts to share. He animates strength, thought,
offence, laziness and other abstract notions, and starts to speak to them.
The cowardly Thought
without
hope, trembled
«It
is not possible, leave it»,-
the
Lazy bones told obliging
«I
won't be a daughter-in-law»,
the
Offence cried barking
- in these couplets the lyrical character calls them
to help, but the Thought was coward, and vice versa the Lazy Bones and the
Offence were very decisive. The historical poetic feature of Shakarim's verses
are distinguished by particular energetic feeling, deep thought. Such epithets
as trembling, satisfying, dangling, barking in the couplets instruct in the
form of wisdom emphasizing abstract thought, laziness. Along with this, the
poet openly tells his thoughts on improving the life of Kazakhs. Mukhtar Auezov
in his article «Poets after Abai» that was published in journal «Abai» #5, in
1918, said: «Mostly Shakarim would like his poems to be clear for the people;
moreover he wants via his verses to bring the people's wisdom to perfect the
society. The person who followed the verses of Abai, if not outwardly, but
inwardly among present days poets – is Shakarim. When telling about
shortcomings, ---- there is sharpness, shrillness in Shakarim's verses» - he
gave such appraisal to Shakarim's works.
In the next couplets the event ends by crying offence,
advising patience, criticizing everything conscience. The lyrical character was
upset by the death of such human values as conscience, shame, mercy being
hidden under dust. Nevertheless, after the told words the hope of the lyrical
character flares up:
I
moved, as if my soul entered me,
All
my body tingles down my spine.
I
looked around me,
To
speak, reviving.
The
people is deaf, ignoramus,
Do they
hear vain cry,
One does
not receive treatment,
Can they
be a people only by cry,
Whose
ear and eyes are hungry,
Learn,
study science.
Propagate
this way.
You are
roaming ignorant about it.
- he says. The lyrical character by heart accepts the
conclusion made by the conscience. Shakarim gives the meaning of being close to
God of the notion of heart that was used in his lyrics. In such case the idea
of support by heart is equal to support of God. The poet in his last couplet
does not conceal his hope that if Kazakhs learn, and there will be many people
with good knowledge the Kazakhs would avoid many evils. Famous researcher of
Shakarim B. Abdighaziouly: «Usually a lyrical work is born from drops of
feeling that overfill the poet's heart. Then in many cases the lyrical
character is compared to the poet.» [1,197]
The idea of lyrics is accepted as the idea of the
poet. The happiness of the poet and his sadness is in the implication of the
verse» - he said. --- We consider that deep and sensible thoughts in verses of
Shakarim are sincere hints that come out of his heart. The composition in the
poet's verse «Offence and Conscience» is based on understanding of dramatic
conflict happening with lyrical character possessed with unpleasant strains.
Well-known theoretic-scientist K. Mashhur Jussip says: «There are five elements
in the plot of the verse «Offence and Conscience». Nevertheless, the appearance
of the conflict, its development doesn't reflect the whole life of the
character as in the epos, all that is given as a moment, with all the feelings
accepted only by one individual. This way some contradictions of opinions, and
growing competition between them that fight inside one man, moreover developing
every moment in deliberation, a conditional event, a small tenseness cannot turn the work into an epos. Moreover,
because all those collisions developed in one moment as a reflection pattern,
this demonstrates the possibility of wide using of life in lyrical genre.
In the work, first of all the past and the present of the lyrical character
lead to the concluding decisive thought».[2]
In the verse «Nausheran had shot a saiga when hunting»
when hunting, the poet Nausheran sent a friend to fetch some salt from a
village. When his friend went far away, he called him back and told him: «Don't
take the salt free of charge». His vizier asked: «A pinch of salt costs
nothing, why?» Nausheran told his profound philosophic reflection.
Shakarim this way sets an example of his idea of the
leader of people. Also creating a dramatic situation he discovers a deep
philosophic idea in the verse. The dramatic situation that is revealed via
psychological emotion of internal soul world of Shakarim's lyrical person.
A gluttonous one is an enemy for his people,
Makes them sad and cry
The evil starts from a small thing,
If you don't see it, the disease will become more
intense.
He concludes with these couplets. Such opinion and
conclusion of the author are connected with social and public environment of
that time's historical situation. We can tell that such lyrics are the thoughts
of the lyrical character which were created from heart of Shakarim, because he
knew how common people suffer of harmful, mean rulers. The character outlined
by Shakarim in literature is the hero who starts to fight against all negative
things in life of people. Z. Akhmetov
told about the inner world of the lyrical hero: « It is an achievement that via
telling about the lyrical character, his words in poetic work, even if don't
mention all other things». [4.] Supporting
his opinion, as --- observer the lyrical character in verses becomes known as a
person who makes conclusion of the dramatic collision.
List of used
literature
1.
“World of Shakarim”, B.
Abdighasy ouly: Almaty, Raritet, 2008 – 408 p.
2.
Style and image in Kazakh lyrics,
K. Zhussip – Pavlodar, 2007.442p.
3.
Works of Shakarim. Two volumes
– Almaty, “Zhibek zholy”, 2007.625b.
4.
Theory of verse words, Z.
Akhmetov – Almaty, “Mektep”. 1973.