G.A. Askarova master student of South Kazakhstan State University named after M. Auezov, Shymkent.

Speciality: 6M020300- history

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TRAFFIC ALASH FOR THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE IN KAZAKHSTAN

The article deals with the issue of previously unknown facts of the study Alash movement historiographical review of the years of independence from the period 1991-2015 year.

Keywords: Alash, historians, intellectuals, party, government, national interests, publications, ideology.

The end of the XIX-beginning of XX century coincided, on the one hand, the strengthening of the revolutionary movement that had swept the Russian Empire as a result of the crisis of its socio-economic situation, on the other - with the introduction of the young Kazakh intelligentsia on the path of political struggle against the imperial regime against the background of deepening the contradictions between the metropolis and colony.

The urgency of the problem stems primarily from the need for a comprehensive study of Alash movement historiography, which appeared on the political scene in turning to the judges of the Kazakh people, as all peoples who inhabited the then Russian Empire, followed by urgent reasons: the theme is relevant and essential for a modern and independent Kazakhstan is a major addition for the study of the discipline Historiography of Kazakhstan.

Based on the relevance of the topic, the author poses as a main objective: to study research on the movement of Alash, during the independence movement Alash historiography generalization based on an analysis of various works of collections of documents, monographs, research papers produced by different authors, journalism.

Main tasks: Study of research and generalization historiography Alash movement in the years of independence, the selection of material, its analysis. View methodology, techniques in the study of this problem Kazakhstan researchers. Show the trend in relation to this movement in the history of our country.

Scientific novelty of the work consists of the following in an attempt to summarize the author's theoretical material available on the subject. Develop your own vision, of certain aspects of this problem.

The values and practical significance is, in my opinion is to: use this material for future work in the writing of a thesis, and in the conduct of teaching practice, for the future of teaching, use of basic ideas. The paper deals with the problem of the study of the movement can be traced methodology techniques. At the same time show the main sights leaders of the movement, a number of representatives of the historiography of the present stage of the study of this problem, which looks much different from those of previous researchers of the Soviet period.

A qualitatively new stage in the study of the problem begins with the end of the 1980s, when the congregation certain ideological taboos were lifted. Start phase coincides with the direction of the Communist Party proclaimed the course of perestroika and glasnost, the reform of all aspects of society. Beginning the 1990s. It characterized by the appearance of a number of monographs, the basic concepts and approaches to this issue.

In the historiography of Kazakhstan of the second half of the 1980s, despite the fact that it was part of the Soviet historical science, there is a gap from its pace of development of the country's total.

This was due primarily to the conduct of the rigid policy of the authorities in connection with the December 1986 events. In 1986-1988 there was a repressive ideology of the Communist Party on the national question in the country. For the same reason, later than in the whole country, has begun action for the rehabilitation of the victims of the totalitarian regime. In fact, since that time there is an activization of publishing and research on the problem of Alash activities. Development issues was mainly through the periodical press, the lighting life and work of forgotten historical figures Alash. The important role played in the process of rethinking of scientific conferences, "round tables", which marks the contours of the new approaches. In July 1989, the Kazakh Research Institute of Marxism-Leninism was a discussion of "Alash Orda: the dawn of history, activities and wreck." It was attended, attended by prominent social scientists such as M.Kozybaev, A.Sarmurzin, M.Koygeldiev, M.Burabaev, V. Grigoriev, and others.

The well-known work VK Grigorieva "Confrontation (Bolsheviks and non-proletarian parties in 1917-1920gg Kazakhstan.)" Alash defined as a bourgeois-nationalist party representing the interests of the feudal elite Bahia.

Thus, at the initial stage lighting problem there is a tendency to consider the participation of individual leaders of the national intelligentsia in the Alash movement as erroneous, temporary. This was largely due to the official estimate "of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, is still determined by political Alash activities as" bourgeois-nationalist "defend" the interests of the feudal elite Bahia Kazakh society. "

Since 1992, there is a body of literature, which according to its essential characteristics can be qualified as a fundamentally new historiographical section. The objective prerequisites - the acquisition of the state independence of Kazakhstan, the deployment of the democratization process - have contributed to the emergence of this literature.

The declassification of previously closed and inaccessible archival materials of KGB KNB largely expanded and enriched source base unknown problems. Introduction to the scientific revolution of new documents in the revision of their analysis, and later abandonment dominant long position with respect to the concepts and history of Alash movement. Enhancing research thought is reflected in the number of papers published in this period of time. Along problematic articles, discussion papers "round tables", scientific conferences, seminars appeared works generalizing, of monographic character, encyclopedic dictionaries, textbooks, manuals, documentary collection of the collected works.

Much of the work published in the Kazakh language. The scientific articles Nurpeisov K., M. Koygeldieva, T. Omarbekova, Grigoriev, T.N. Kakisheva, Akkulyuly S., A. Sarmurzina, M. Kul- Mohammed and others covered various aspects of the history of Alash. Personalized nature of most publications allowed through the unknown pages of coverage of life activities A. Bukeikhanov, A.Baitursynov. M. Dulatov Akpaeva, A. Yermekova, Tynyshpayev M., M. Shokai and many others reveal the social nature of the future of Alash movement, political guidance and possibility.

Creating a monographic research indicates a qualitatively new stage in the historiography of the problem. They mark a new approach to the history of the national liberation movement, the role and place of the Kazakh intelligentsia at a critical stage of development of society. Among these works should include the monograph D.A. Amanzholova "autonomism Kazakh and Russian. Alash movement history "(Moscow, 1994); K.N. Nurpeisov "Alash and Alashorda (Almaty, 1995); M. Koygeldieva" Alash kozgalysy "(Almaty, 1996).

The appearance of monographs D.A. Amanzholova preceded by a series of her work on this issue. It - scientific articles, methodological recommendations "to the study of the history of political parties and movements in Kazakhstan in 1917-1920." (Semipalatinsk, 1991); manual "Alash Party: History and Historiography" (Semipalatinsk, 1993). The tutorial presented the history of Alash movement from the time of its formation to October 1917. Using a wide range of sources and literature contributed to the objectivity and completeness of the coverage of the problem. The set of documents, a comparison with materials from the pre-revolutionary periodicals and subsequent years preceding the data of historiography, memoirs, foreign literature, analysis enabled the author to recover sufficiently complete picture of the history of many important subjects, Alash movement, the activities of its leaders and members. In the paper, the author pays attention to issues such as the formation and began to stage movement formation: Alash intelligentsia participated in the events of 1916; escalating Alash movement in the "national party in 1917.

The pattern of occurrence of Alash movement have emerged from a number of reasons: the very development and progress of the Kazakh society in the beginning of the century, and the influence of external factors cited a little-known author and re-interpreted already known facts convincing evidence of this. An important role in the formation of the defining features of the movement played a personal factor presented in the socio-political, scientific and kulturnicheskaya activities A. Bukeikhanov, A.Baitursynov and M. Dulatov, J. Akpaeva from 1905 to 1917 shows the main directions of development of the movement, socio-political factors which determined its goals and objectives for the stages of formation and after. Election liberalnr democratic way and in the decisions of national liberation problems reflect the commitment alashevtsev ideas of non-violent change of the Kazakh society.

The work of K. Nurpeisov "Alash һәm Alashorda" focuses on the origins of Alash movement, analysis of social and political situation in the region after the overthrow of the tsarist and organizations Alasch party. An important place is given in the book of the history of relations Alash- Horde and the Soviet power. Adherence to the reformist methods, rejection of violence as the main form of struggle will allow researchers to determine the political platform of nationals as a centrist. In the military-feudal, autocratic Russia, with weak, undeveloped forms of bourgeois democracy and maintain this position was extremely difficult and responsible. The leader of the national intelligentsia throughout the entire phase of had to withstand criticism and attacks, both left and right, learn to maneuver between them, defending their interests.

Monograph M. Koygeldieva "Alash kozgalysy" ( "Movement Alash") covers a broad aspect of the problems of the historical development of Kazakhstan the late XIX - early XX eyelids. The research problems he conducted a broad historical background of the early twentieth century, when virtually all Eastern colonies unfolded powerful national liberation movement of the oppressed peoples for freedom and independence (China, India, Iran, Turkey). At the forefront of it was national-demokratical intelligentsia. M. Koygeldiev, using a wide range of previously inaccessible archives, publications "Kazakh" newspaper and others, highlights the main problems of the historical development of Kazakhstan related to the emergence and development of the opposition movement. Detailed analysis of the colonial policy of tsarism, the author identifies its main areas: mass confiscation of land of the Kazakhs, immigration policy, the destruction of the traditional management system, strengthening of Russification, missionary activity, the suppression of national culture and language. All this is generally caused the most adequate response prepared by the social stratum of the Kazakh society of the national intelligentsia in the early XX century. M. Koygeldiev based on the study of the complex materials - Alash, archived data of program documents, the product of the authors contends that alashordins alternative to the development of the Kazakh people from modern positions it seems preferable to the Bolshevik model of socialism. M. Koygeldiev examines the concept of "Alash movement" and as applied to the national liberation movement in general, and to the Alash Party, the government Alash Orda, Alash Autonomy combined.

A significant role in the development of historiography and the problems Alash Orda played the activities related to the announcement in 1997 by the Presidential Decree of Kazakhstan NA Nazarbayev Year national consent and memory of victims of political repression and the 1998 Year of national unity and national history. It was the kind of impetus in the study of this problem. There are new works, covering various aspects of the history and Alash Orda. Of course, it highlights the works of prepared Academic Institute of History and Ethnology. CC Valikhanov, literature and art. M.Auezov, Linguistics. A.Baitursynov. Eto.dokumentaly collection "Terrible 1916" in 2 volumes; collection of selected works X. Dosmukhamedov works A. Baitursynov "Research on the Kazakh linguistics"; G. Aimautov Works in 5 volumes; book "Kazakh literature of the beginning of XX century: creativity repressed writers."

In the documentary collection "Terrible 1916", based on previously published sources comprehensively and more fully disclosed the events in 1916 in Kazakhstan. Special interest are documents that reflect the activities of the liberal-democratic intelligentsia in the movement in 1916. Published data show the ratio of representatives of the intelligentsia is to fulfill the king's decree, and understanding of the causes of the uprising of the process, the concrete participation in the activities department "Zemgorsoyuza" organized A.Bukeyhanovym. Study the life and activity of certain prominent members Alash movement precisely as politicians became decisive majority of works of the late 1990s. Among them it should be noted the publication of G. Akhmedov "Alash" (Almaty, 1996); monograph M. Kul-Muhammed "J. Akpala. Patriot. Politician. Lawyer. Political and legal views of J. Akpaeva "(Almaty, 1995); Its the same "Alash kayratkerlerі sayasi-kukyktyk, evolyutsiyasy" (Almaty, 1998); Monograph Nurpeisov K., M. Kulpenova. B. Habizhanova, A.Mektepova "H.Dosmuhameduly zhane onyng omіrі) changed shygarmashylygy" (Almaty, 1996); and others.

Creating Alash Party was the result of political activity of the national democratic-minded Kazakh intelligentsia beginning of XX century. The appearance on the political arena of the national-democratic opposition in the face of Alash intelligentsia was natural and historically conditioned by the whole course of the preceding development of the Kazakh society under colonial rule. The colonial character of the steppe edge control, the economic and political oppression of the population, land seizure, the excesses of the king's officials and local government unit called the growing discontent of the masses, and found expression in social and political activities of the most preparatory to her social class. An important role in the formation of the essential features of the movement, its social and political orientation played a personal factor. Alasch kernel was not numerous Kazakh intelligentsia, as well as in other political parties and movements, which has taken upon itself the mission of spiritual leadership. The nature of the socio-political, cultural and educational activities alashevtsev testified to their commitment to the democratic national priorities!

The basic meaning of Alash Orda movement is determined in the foreign historiography of their contributions to the revival of the Kazakh national identity of the first quarter of the XX century. "In spite of all restrictions, - says Mikhail Olcott, - the period of "bourgeois nationalists" 1900-1920 yy. He left an important legacy. They made aware of the need to preserve what may be one of the Kazakhs: their language, history and cultural traditions "Concluding, I would like protsetirovat words of President of the Republic Nursultan Nazarbayev expressed by him in his book" On the threshold of XXI century "He said:" My people to throughout the twentieth century it experienced what many more prosperous nations could not dream in a nightmare. Many times Kazakhs stood on the brink of death. But the will to live, the will to win again and again raised the people from his knees ... We can not be proud of the people who for all that managed to preserve the nobility and tolerance and respect for peoples'.

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