Філософія / 3. Історія філософії

Spivak V.V.

Academy of the State penitentiary service (Chernihiv, Ukraine)

Influenced by Roman stoicism in the philosophical component of the Ukrainian preaching of the XVIIth century

A necessary component of studies of the philosophical heritage of Ukrainian thinkers of the Baroque era is the analysis of its ideological overtones, that is sources on the basis of which was formed the national philosophical culture of this period. A significant component of this culture was the creative rendererotica texts of the ancient philosophers of Greece and Rome. This interest classic examples of philosophy was due to the spread in the Ukrainian educational fild samples humanistic education, through the activities of Jesuit colleges and, subsequently, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. These educational practices require knowledge of ancient texts and the skill of their interpretations, which were put at the service of the Church.

One of the most influential schools of ancient philosophy, which had significant importance for the formation and development of Christian doctrine from its beginning is the philosophy of stoicism, which relates to the late antique tradition. This philosophy, for the closeness of some of the ideas the teaching of the Church, is quite strongly influenced by Christian ethics and therefore the work of his followers has always been in the field of view of Church thinkers. In the Baroque era, this interest was passed to the Ukrainian thinkers, which are often used in his work the legacy senki it or Cicero.

Thus, the popular personality in the intellectual environment of the XVII century was Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 – 43 B.C.), whose work was a mandatory subject of study at colleges and universities in Europe and often cited in the literature, including philosophical nature. Was no exception and the Kiev-Mohyla Collegium in the library which was the book: «A Collection of selected speeches with comments» 1621, «From the speeches of Mark Tullius Cicero. Comments, notes and annotations of learned men» purchased in 1621 Peter Mogila [6, p. 49–50]. It was his heritage was selected for the research. The choice is due to the fact that the author quite well represents the school of stoicism, and also the fact that the texts of Cicero was available to the public for intellectuals of the Baroque era.

The texts of the famous orator and philosopher Cicero was valued not only as manuals of rhetoric, but also for their philosophical richness that been of a moral and practical nature. So naturally, Ukrainian thinkers of the Baroque era, and especially the preachers avoided the legacy of Cicero in the preparation of one's own moral teachings, borrowing fragments of texts of the Roman philosopher, to strengthen the argument for their own ideas.

One of these preachers was Anthony radyvylivs'kyi, belongs to the new type of sermons – Latin-Polish, which was established in Ukraine in the XVII century. In accordance with the requirements of this style, the preacher must use many sources, not limiting themselves to quoting the Scriptures or Church Fathers. A significant component of these sources were the texts of the ancient philosophers, whose ideas Anthony radyvylivs'kyi used not only as rhetorical ornaments, but for moralistic examples and reasoning on life issues of human existence.

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the heritage of Cicero on the philosophical aspects of Anthony's sermons Radivilivskogo. It is also planned to pay attention to the Arsenal of the texts of the ancient philosopher which could be a sign of the preacher also features the use of these texts.

To analyze the quality of the source base, was selected manuscript and printed collections of the preacher: «Garden of Holy Virgin» [4; 5] and «Crown of Christ» [1; 2; 3].

Using in his work the texts of Cicero, Antony radyvylivs'kyi comes to their interpretation quite creative and, as befits the author of the Church, provides them with, according to tradition, the Christian content. Based on the analysis of these texts, we can talk about the probable acquaintance of Anthony Radivilivskogo with three treatises by Mark Tullius Cicero: «On duties» (De officiis), «About Republic» (De re publica), «About the nature of the Gods» (De natura deorum), which belong to the philosophical heritage of the Roman stoic. Anthony Radyvylovsky’j uses fragments of texts by Cicero as in praise tsnot saints and moral teachings. The preacher does not take his texts from different examples to use as rhetorical ornaments, but utilizes the ethical ideas of the Roman philosopher, adapting them to the needs of its teachings, creatively developing and interpreting. Therefore we can conclude that the presence ciceronis influence on the moral and philosophical aspects of preaching heritage of Anthony Radyvylovsky’j.

Referenсes

1. Radyvylovsky’j A. “Vinecz Hry`stov…”. rukopys ["The crown of Christ". manuscript]. – I.R. CzNBU im. V. I. Vernads`kogo. – P.Ny`k m. P. 560 t. 2. 1615 p.

2. Radyvylovsky`j A. “Vinecz` Hry`stov…” ["The crown of Christ". manuscript]. Kyiv, 1688. 544 p.

3. Radyvylovsky`j A. “Ogorodok…”. rukopy`s. Kny`ga 1. ["Garden" manuscript. – book 1]. – I.R. CzNBU im. V. I. Vernads`kogo. – P. Ny`k. M. P. 560 t.1. kn.1. 955 p.

4. Radyvylovsky`j A. “Ogorodok…”. rukopy`s. Kny`ga 2. ["Garden" manuscript. – book 2]. – I.R. CzNBU im. V. I. Vernads`kogo. – P. Ny`k. M. P. 560 t.1. kn.2. 1030 p.

5. Radyvylovsky`j A. “Ogorodok…”["Garden"]. Kyiv, 1676. 1128 p.

6. Sotnychenko P.A. Biblioteka Kyievo-Mohylianskoi akademii. Filosofski dzherela [Library of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Philosophical sources]. Vid Vyshenskoho do Skovorody [From Vyshensky to the Skovoroda]. Кyiv, Naukova dumka Publ., 1972. pp. 47 – 54.