V.N. KRUGLOV,
doctor of economic sciences, professor, corresponding member of the RAE,
Professor of General Management and Entrepreneurship of the Moscow State
University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI); Professor of
Economics, Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation
(Kaluga Branch); Professor of Economics Institute of management, business and
technology (Kaluga)
E-mail: vladkaluga@yandex.ru
SOME
ASPECTS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
Annotation. The article examines the
possibility of innovative development of the real sector of the economy at the
regional level. Its relevance is demand for this sector considering the current
trends and realities of the world economy. Estimates the potential of the regions
in this way, given the resources available. Predicts possible structural
changes by using the knowledge economy. Provides practical advice of use of
innovative management approaches locally to strengthen the competitiveness of
economic entities, and manufactured goods.
Keywords. Innovation, region, strategy, dynamics,
cluster priorities. Rating, R & d, planning, territorial development,
diversification, investments.
Economic development of the Russian Federation as a whole, as a single
economic entity, depends on many factors. However, it should be recognized that
in modern conditions the forefront of innovative development paradigm [1, p.
342]. This direction implies an economy based on scientific knowledge that are
embodied in the latest technologies, techniques and equipment that allows you
to reach new, more qualitative stage of economic development.
For innovation to enterprise needs a variety of resources: investment
staff, with appropriate training, the conditions for conducting innovative research.
However, with the development of new technology and equipment or their
improvement, there are many risks associated with the uncertainty of
exploration results, the timing of development, as well as risks associated
with the production and sale of innovative products [2, p. 389]. All this
together is a serious impediment to innovative changes.
All available resources in terms of innovation and transformation of the
economy in the first place it is necessary to say about resource management.
Implemented in Russia's radical economic transformation, dynamic innovation
processes in all spheres of economic and industrial activities have a great
potential in this direction.
Management
resource plays a crucial role in the crisis and during the recession. Quite
naturally use it as a tool to enhance the efficiency of management of
socio-economic processes at all levels of social organization, as in these
conditions it undergoes substantial changes [3, p. 352].
One of the tools to achieve economic goals of regional development, is
an innovative development strategy. Innovation strategy development should be
guided by an overall strategy, it sets the objectives of innovation activities,
the choice of means to achieve them, and sources of raising these funds.
Innovative development strategies that create a
very challenging environment for project management, which include [4, p. 13]:
- increase the level of uncertainty of the
results;
- increase the risk of an investment
project;
- increasing the flow changes due to
innovative restructuring.
Overcoming problems of
development of economic systems in the regions, developing practical solutions,
changing organizational forms and methods of management of the regional
economic and industrial system, based on the experience of crisis management
should be based on the design approach, as in this case, the proposals take the
form of creating new structures [6. p. 337].
Therefore, these new organizations, whose functions are performed in the
regions other existing structures, must be designed. This means a certain logic
of justification for the creation of similar structures. What do you need?
First and
foremost is to identify state and main trends in the development of the
regional system, including changes in the economic structure, to establish the
factors for such dynamics, we have to be able to diagnose the status of the
regional system, including existing functions, organizational forms, current
tasks that have already been implemented.
Next, you need to find out what functions are
performed effectively, what is lost and not executed, and that operates
inefficiently [7, p. 377]. When this becomes especially interesting: will
changing development objectives need to change the functions and importance of
new organizational forms?
It is desirable to clarify the goals and
objectives of the development of a regional system, to choose the main
direction of development, to formulate the basic theses of the program of
development of the regional economy [5, p. 23].
Regional authorities, as a rule, have limited tools to
influence the economy of the region, therefore, an important Federal component,
including the relevant legislation. In addition, the regions are heterogeneous
in structure, quality of labor and natural resources, their composition,
production and technological capabilities. It actually determines the
specialization of the regional economy.
At this stage it is important to assess the potential
of the region [8, p. 332]. Resources, personnel, export, and all other directions.
Expenditure on technological innovation will
ultimately lead to the increase of the production of innovative products.
Comparison of the volume of innovative products and cost of technological
innovation will show the effectiveness of such costs. But, when comparing the
ratio of the volume of innovative products to the cost of technological
innovation for a certain period, it must be borne in mind that the expenses in
a particular period may affect the increase in the volume of innovative
products that were released not only in this but also in subsequent periods.
Also the volume of innovative products, produced in a certain period may depend
on the costs incurred previously.
If the ratio of the
amount released an innovative product and the cost of technological innovation
for a certain period exceeds unity, then such investments effective, even given
the fact that this effect is based on previous costs and partly may occur in
subsequent periods.
Innovative activity of enterprises must be ongoing,
aimed at further economic growth, improvement of the applicable enterprise
technologies and equipment for production of higher quality product.
But not every region can fully implement this
feature. There are other reasons hampering innovative activity of enterprises
in the regions. These include the geographical location of the region, climatic
conditions, mineral and other resources, historical conditions, the
specialization of the region, and others have Also an important role for the
state support of innovative activity of enterprises [9, p. 361]. All these
factors have a direct impact on the innovative activity of economic entities.
With this in mind we can
conclude that innovation activities at the regional level, planned this way,
will not only affect the economic development of the region, but also on the
economic development of the country as a whole.
Literature.
1. Kruglov V.N. Forms and methods of innovative
development of economy in the regions of the Russian Federation.
/Wonkroom//Audit and financial analysis. - 2011. ¹ 5. - p. 341-346.
2. Kruglov V.N. The establishment of a comprehensive
system for the implementation of priority national projects (on the example of
Kaluga region). /Wonkroom// Audit and financial analysis. - 2011. ¹ 4. – p. 384-393.
3. Kruglov V.N. Strategic planning for industry
development of Kaluga region 2020: integrated approach. /Wonkroom// Audit and
financial analysis. - 2011. ¹ 4. – p. 351-368.
4. Kruglov V.N. Some aspects of the target-oriented
support of innovative development in the Russian Federation.
/Wonkroom//Economic analysis: theory and practice. - 2011. - ¹ 31. - p.12-16.
5. Kruglov V.N. Factors ensure innovative development
of the Russian economy at the present stage. /Wonkroom// Regional Economics: theory
and practice. - 2011. ¹ 25. - p. 22-26.
6. Vasilieva N.A., Kruglov V.N. Economic and social
aspects of implementation of priority national projects in the region (on the
example of Kaluga region). /Nautilia, Wonkroom// Audit and financial analysis.
- 2013. ¹ 3. – p. 336-351.
7. Kruglov V.N., Leontiev PS problems of innovative
development of small business in the Russian Federation. /Laselahttema,
Wonkroom// Audit and financial analysis. - 2013. ¹ 3. – p. 374-379.
8. Kruglov V.N., Leontiev PS Path resource provision
of innovative development of economy. /Laselahttema, Wonkroom// Audit and
financial analysis. - 2013. ¹ 4. – p. 326-333.
9. Kruglov V.N., Leontiev PS Scenario conditions of
formation of the forecasted development of the region. /Laselahttema,
Wonkroom// Audit and financial analysis. - 2013. ¹ 5. – p. 358-367.