Historical sciences / 4. Ethnography

PhD. postgraduate E.L. Hasanov

Corresponding member of International Academy of Theoretical and Applied Sciences,

Scholar of Ganja branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences,

Ganja, Azerbaijan

Denis Ljuljanović

PhD. postgraduate of Marmara University (Istanbul, Turkey)

Podgorica, Montenegro

SOME PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH OF SOCIO-ECONOMICAL STRUCTURE OF GANJA FROM HISTORIC POINT OF VIEW

All the social problems are directly connected with the economic conditions of the people. Therefore, a lot of sociologists have contributed to the study of different aspects of economic organization. Property system, division of labor, occupations etc. are provided by a sociologist to an economist. If we will see in the practice a type of international and economic, cross border, trading, has always been a feature of social activities and it is usually mutual beneficial. The present practice of globalization only got properly underway at the end of 20^th century, following the collapse of the soviet block and the onset of the World Wide Web. This recent explosion in trading between countries can be seen as purely economic process operated by large conglomerate international companies and banks (as part of society) as they exchange their wares on a global scale. From the view of wealthy nation, the results of this training seem positive, providing consumers with cheap and varied goods and services. The global exchange of goods and services is monitored by the World Trade Organization (WTO), which manages and regulates trade. These rules are more to support integrity of trading agreements with aim to develop global society.

Ganja city is one of the main cultural and historical centers of the World. Here the region's favorable climate, beautiful landscape, rich natural resources and human resources make Ganja famous as scientific, cultural, economic and industrial center just not only in Azerbaijan, even in the Middle and Nearest East.

The availability of rich ore and non-ore resources in the region contributed the development non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy industry in the city, and operating large-scale enterprises that products aluminum and iron. The other fields of industry in the city: electronics, instrument-making plant, machinery and automobile industry have been operating as a large industrial complexes.

The city’s location on the ancient silk roads was the reason of developing spiritual to East tradition, and reflected national customs and traditions carpet weaving, knitting, sewing and other sectors of light industry and urban , and group of textile and weaving carpet enterprises, also the activity of sewing factory and other industrial enterprises have provided.

The main occupation of the population in the region is farm ,that why processed agricultural products food industry was developed in Ganja. Butter-fat plant, confectionary factory, chocolate factory, flour mills, wine factories, juice manufactures export their various, ecological clean, products,that meet world standards, to near and far foreign countries.

In the background of rapid development of country's economy, are realized construction and reconstruction works in modern style, that keep national colorities ,and road-building works,that match to modern standarts. In order, to fulfill these needs, concrete,alm,lime,asphalt-concrete plants, glass production and other industry spheres are operating in the city for the production of building materials.

The location of Ganja city on the ancient caravan routes from the West-East and South-North, in particular, the location of the ancient "Silk Road" here is also influenced to the development of the city.

In the Middle Ages there were the perfect transportation system here.If in Europe underground transport was built in the middle of the twentieth century, in Ganja in the Middle Ages were two-storey underground roads system,where also phaeton could be used. In addition to the transport and movement of population there were also other communication systems.

Among the Middle East’s transports, Ganja’s transport infrastructure plays a most important role . The city’s airport of international standards, is realize air flights to many countries of the world.

Vast scale Baku-Supsa, Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum gas pipeline also are transported via the Ganja.

Communication is one of the leading services of Ganja,that plays an important role in the socio-economic life of the city . The first Post Office in Azerbaijan was opened in Ganja. Mail expedition was established in Nakhchivan in 1828, and in Baku in 1836.

The first Minister of Post and Telegraph of the first democratic republic in the East ADR was Ganjali Aga Ashurov. This ministry was located in the ancient building of Ganja’s post-office in present days.

The quick development of information and communication technologies in Ganja plays an important role in strengthening of statehood, the development of the economy, the regulation of social and political processes, widen relations and enlightening the people. At present, mobile phone , trans registered mail, internet service and also other areas of technology informations are the foundation of communication service in Ganja.

There are two newspapers of Executive Power – Ganjanin sesi (The voice of Ganja) (since 1920),and Novosti Qyandji(Ganja news) (since 1922), nearly 80 independent newspapers, three magazines (scientific journal "News" , “Human and Law”, “Ganja with large letters”) published in Ganja .

Ganja’s Organization of Azerbaijan Journalists Union , four Republic newspapers(“Azerbaijan”, “Republic”, “Nation”, “Bakinsky Rabociy”) region correspondent points, 2 independent TV and Radio Companies (Kapaz TV, Alternative TV) in the western zone of Azerbaijan Republic, information center "Inter news” , four corresponding points of TV and Radio Company, the Azerbaijan television QSC (Az TV), Ictimai television (ITV), Leader, Space, ANS, have been operating in Ganja.

In modern Ganja sport history has rich and ancient traditions.The great Azerbaijani poet Nizami Ganjavi in distich “Yeddi gozel” ("Seven Beauties") dedicated a large place to the sport and praised the principle “ a healthy spirit in a healthy body” . In the Middle Ages there were a lot of "Zorkhana"s in Ganja,that substituted modern sports complexes. At present, many kinds of sport have developed in Ganja city. National Olympic Complex, Education-Sport Center, "Spartak" and "Dinamo" sport clubs, Swimming school, Chess and other sport complexes are service to the population of Ganja. Ganja has grown up seventy World and European champions in various types of sports. Thanks to a successful youth policy, implemented by the leadership of the city in 2012, the city Ganja has been selected as Youth Capital of Republic.
Ganja, is one of the cities of Azerbaijan, that has ancient history, rich culture, unique tourism opportunities. Ganja’s favorable natural and geographical position, pleasant climate, unique World of flora and fauna has always attracted tourists. Hajikend settlement, Koshku, Ashigli, Ezgilli, Chay kend and Togana kend were places of recreation of Ganjabasar.

Also, Khoshbulag village is one of the most picturesque places of recreation of Ganjabasar. Approximately there are about 4800 residents and 1000 houses in the village. Meadow grasslands are green from early april till the middle of october. In some areas have been grown the artificial pine forests.

There are fifty springs (eg, Port-Port, Qible, the spring Kirk, etc.) and the river Karacefer here . In addition, on 3 kilometers far from Khoshbulag there is Zagaly lake with a wide magnificient view that, delight eyes, that colors nature. From ancient times in watter supply of Ganja, that has a perfect communication system, undeground –pipes pulled from Ganja and Qushqara river have played an important role.It is not accidental,that travellers, that come to Ganja, can ‘t coceal their admirations, when they see Ganja’s greenness cover, climate and rich water.

The city has always protected its exception in the world with valuable(mostly) grapes gardens, plane alleys . Therefore, Ganja’s rose is famous not only in Azerbaijan,but also outside. In general, climate and water supply system of Ganja have formed here the most favorable environment for the construction of parks and alleys, that are beautiful greenery and recreation centers. Recreation and culture park, named Heydar Aliyev,that differ with its immence and greatness, and also Khan Bagi ( Khan’s garden ), that belongs to the ancient Turkic tribes to the kajars , are the most valuable evidence of our conceptions . Khan Bagi, that has a very beautiful view , for the richness of the plants is considered as a rare natural place .

Parks and avenues, which is named Fuzuli, Nariman Narimanov, Fikret Amirov, park “Qelebe”( the "Victory") and others give such as special beauty to the city, and also turned the city to the favorite recreation place for the population of Ganja and for its guests. Ganja city, that has glorious history and based on rich and ancient cultural heritage of the Caucasus, all history was known as a center of national self-esteem and honor . Ganja has always retained its image and has played a central role of national morality. For this reason, the high-level expert in national history, the founder of the Independent Azerbaijan Republic, National Leader Heydar Aliyev, during all the yearsof his ruling approached special attentto to the comprehensive development of Ganja. Thus, Ganja, under the leadership of the National Leader Heydar Aliyev , began second stage of huge development.

Especially , it should be noted main activities of our country head ,connected with Ganja. Thus, President Ilham Aliyev, during his rulling period , officially visited Ganja 12 times, and during his visits to the city, conducted practical measures for the development in social, economic and cultural spheres . Grateful for this measures of a number of important unsolved problems found positive results.

Everybody knows, that the head of the country has a special occasion to Ganja and its history . Because of good geo-strategic, also economic and social usefulness Ganja is always in the center of attention. The development of every region is very important for creation strong independent state. As the result of vital activity of the country's head Ilham Aliyev, Ganja began intensively develope . The new offices, objects, created here, and social changes taken place has a positive effect on population mood. DET AL aluminum complex ,that began work with the participation of president Ilham Aliyev , has exceptional importance for the development of in the city’s industry . "DET AL" aluminum complex’s of total area is 74 hectares. The total area of objects is 57 thousand square meters. There is the railway line in the complex , which is 2,1 thousand meters, 1200 meters long concrete, 2 thousand meters long asphalt roads , have been hold landscaping and renovation work in 74 hectares.

The Flag Square, that has been built on the right bank of the Ganja river last period, is one of the most important projects. The length of the three-color flag, that fluctuating on the height of 100 meters, is 50 meters, width is 25 meters and 4 meters is height of pedestal. The national anthem and the national emblem of Azerbaijan are reflected on the granite panel on the square . Renovation and landscaping works were around the square. President Ilham Aliyev raised the national flag. The head of state expressed satisfaction with the work, that have done to the relevant instructions and recommendations.

In monument complex "Khamsa" , that built in Ganja, are located Nizami Ganjavy’s monument of and monuments for poems "Leili and Majnun", ”Sirler xezinesi “( "The treasure of secrets"),”Yeddi gozel” ("Seven Beauties"), "Khosrov and Shirin", "Iskendername". Thus, there was created an extremely rare art monument , that reflects the creativity of Nizami.Near Heydar Aliyev’s Center,that is building in Ganja and will serve for the propaganda of national state values , will be built “Zefer Tagi”( "Triumphal arch") with width 20, length 50, and height of 36 meters.

Heydar Aliyev’s Center will consist of three-storey building with total area of 4 thousand 500 square meters. There will be an exhibition hall on the first floor, excursion hall on the second floor, that reflects history of Azerbaijan and modern development, electronic and traditional library, supporting rooms on the third floor, conference halls and 400 seats session hall.

In accordance with instructions of Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, each length of “Qala divari” (Tower walls) is built on both sides of highway Ganja-Baku is 47, height 15 meters, the castle tower height is 22 meters. Width of Ganja door’s of the Tower is 5, height is 7 meters. There will be national emblem on the upper part with the 6 meter diameter and will be bronze lion’s monuments on each side of emblem. In front of the Qala (“Tower”) there will be "Khamsa” spring. In addition, the 4.6-km-long road between "Qala" and Nizami's mausoleum complexes is reconstructed. Along the road there will be built architectural elements of the 5 great books, that concern to"Khamsa" of Nizamy Ganjavi, as well as the erection of monuments of the poet's immortal heroes and will be constructed fountains. The ancient cultural monument, the native land of the great Nizami, Ganja city, provide to you hotel with a new quality and leisure complexes.

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7. Hasanov, E.L. (2014). Approccio innovativo per lo studio scientifico delle tradizioni artigianali grandi Ganja seconda metà del XIX-inizi XX secolo. Recensione Science Italiano, #4(13), pp. 642-645.