Economics / 6. Marketing and Management
Department of
Management and Marketing Khomyk N.P.
National Technical
University of Ukraine “Kiev Polytechnic University” Kiev
city, Ukraine
Implementation of environmental management systems on
the enterprise
A growing number of
companies are using advanced standards ISO 14001 for the introduction of an
environmental management system , which is an essential factor in ensuring the
basic direction of management. The core of the environmental management system
is a program - a comprehensive document describing the organization of the
company in the field of environmental management , as well as specific measures
and actions for its implementation , developed in accordance with the
environmental policy , objectives and targets. In developing the program the
company follows the principle of continuous improvement , ie achieve the best
results in all environmental aspects of the company.
Industrial companies -
are the main economic actors contributing to the development of the economy and
at the same time is a source of danger.
Therefore, improving the
ecological - economic activity of enterprises should be considered as one of
the top priorities. Greening of industrial production is the manifestation of a
mechanism for its implementation, thus establishing the ecological limits of
economic activity, creating a system of environmental certification of
products, services, licensing of industrial activity, the formation of a fair
market environment, etc.
Awareness of the needs
of consumers for quality products and improving demand for environmentally
friendly products and services encourages manufacturers to environmentally
conscious activities. An important step in this direction is the environmental
management, is becoming more common in Eastern Europe.
Environmental Management
System (EMS)- a modern approach to accounting for environmental priorities in
the planning and implementation of activities. Implementing EMS enhances the
attractiveness of the investment companies to reduce insurance costs and the
cost of credit, consistently reduce the negative impact of production on the
environment and human health throughout the life cycle , not only to improve
the quality of products and services, but also of the whole enterprise ,
thereby expanding its competitive opportunities .
Thus, the EMS provides a
basis for development of a competitive, responsible business, is able to
satisfy the growing needs of customers and the expectations of the public.
The realization of the
fact that the EMS can simultaneously improve the environmental performance of
the enterprise and have significant economic benefits, contributes actively
seek ways of developing these systems.
All current models of
management based on the Deming cycle. Its essence lies in the planning,
implementation, evaluation and adjustment not only disadvantages but also
effectively in order to improve mechanisms for planning fixing bugs and
achieving new goals.
The idea Deming cycle is
the basis of forming EMS. It is reflected in the mechanism of continuous
improvement that is an integral part of EMS and achieves the main goal of its
introduction - continuous improvement of environmental performance of the
enterprise.
The first step towards
the creation of EMS is to determine the environmental policy of the company.
This stage begins with the fact that the company's management should define the
mission and strategic objectives in the field of environment and develop its
environmental policy, environmental objectives and commitment to the process in
writing. This document is to be printed in the organization and provide
administrative support staff. Part of the process of preparation to become an
early internal audit to assess how existing environmental management system is
far from the requirements of ISO 14001 .
The second stage will
finish writing and implemented the relevant elements of the system, and modify
those elements that do not fully meet the requirements . Usually this takes the
form of writing and / or adjustment of procedures and work instructions . The
implementation of this process may also require the improvement of the
organizational structure , clarifying responsibilities and authority staff
involved in the work of the environmental management system . Perhaps we should
also hold one or more of the "zero " of internal audits , which are
sometimes referred to as the preliminary assessment . If the results of these
audits are evaluated satisfactorily , the company moves to the third stage .
The third stage - the environmental
management system certification .Community development is characterized by the
contradiction between the growing needs of disabled people and natural
resources, uncontrolled use of which leads to disruption of natural systems and
the deterioration of the ecological crisis .
The emergence of
international standards ISO 14000 - environmental management systems in
enterprises and companies referred to as one of the most significant
international environmental initiatives. The key concept of ISO 14000 is the
concept of an environmental management system in the organization.
In literature, including
the translation of documents, ISO 14000, instead of the term
"environmental management", the term "management quality of the
environment", and in some cases - "environmental management". In
this concept today include: environmental management - the activity of state
bodies and economic entities, primarily focused on compliance with the
mandatory requirements of environmental legislation, as well as the development
and implementation of appropriate goals, projects and programs, and
environmental management - proactive and efficient activities of economic
entities designed to achieve their own environmental goals, projects and
programs.
The basic principle of
operation of the environmental management system according to ISO 14000, is the
principle of continuous improvement:
- The organization
should define its environmental policy;
- To implement the
developed environmental goals, objectives and programs;
- The organization
ensures their implementation and operation;
- The results achieved
are monitored and adjusted (if necessary);
- According to the
analysis of the control of the leadership, during which the decision to revise
the policy and identifying ways to further improve.
This cycle is repeated
throughout the period of operation of the system.
This scheme can also be
applied to other aspects of the organization, except for environmental
management. Therefore, the experience gained in the implementation of the
system in accordance with ISO 14000, can be used to create a system of
continuous improvement throughout the organization or its individual functions.
It should be noted that
the standards of ISO 14000 does not contain requirements directly to the
environmental performance of the organization. Their only requirement is that
the implementation of any applicable legislation regarding the impact on the
environment. More specifically, the performance requirements of its activities
the organization shall determine on their own, based on the principle of
continuous improvement.
The ISO 14000 series of
standards do not define the requirements for the documentation of an
environmental management system. But in general the structure of the
documentation may consist of manual - the central document that describes the
structure of the system as a whole (politics, the main aspects and purposes, a
general description of the implementation and monitoring), and procedures -
documents that describe an algorithm for performing a specific activity within
the system, the responsibility for its implementation. Leaders may contain
links to environmental programs and procedures.
The identification of
environmental aspects and assessment of their impact, and the priorities
reflected in environmental policy is the basis for setting environmental goals
of the company, which is developed on the basis of environmental program.
References:
1.
Bychkova E.A. Ecology and sustainable development of the region: the technical and
economic aspects / / Proceedings of the Academy of Industrial Ecology. - 2004,
¹ 4. - S. 17-25.
2. Doroguntsov S., Fedorishcheva A.Problems greening of industry in
regional practice / / Regional Economy - 1998, ¹ 1. - S. 12-20.
3. Environmental management systems for practitioners / edited. SY
Daiman. - Moscow: Publishing House of the MUCTR. DI Mendeleev, 2004. - 248.