Filippova Viktoriia,
National Academy of Public Administration, the President of Ukraine
The practice of public policy in the
field of higher pedagogical education in Ukraine
The transition to a post-industrial society has a significant impact on
the state as the main political institution. The character of the interaction
of the state with external parties, which is based on the principles of client
size, and in some areas on the principles of equal participation, which leads
to the emergence of new centers of decision-making and overall architecture of
the different entities that form the policy of the state.
In defining the concepts of politics, government, government control,
researchers will inevitably turn their attention to the relationship between politics
and governance. During the period of this debate have developed different
approaches to the definition of this ratio, reflecting the characteristics of
the functioning of the state and the transformation of the political
institutions, including the nature of the relationship of the state with
external parties, from categorical separation of policy-making and
implementation of the management statement of solidarity to those parts of the
state.
At the end of XX century due to the increasing demands of citizens in
government effectiveness in a number of Western countries, there is a need
administrative reforms. In an effort to overcome the inherent bureaucracy of
governance, within a market- liberal approach to public management, a concept
of new public management (new public management).
In response to the growing complexity of horizontal connections of the
state with internal and external counterparties desizionalnyh formation of
structures (involved in public decision-making than the official sites) and
other atypical for the industrial development of the state moments of political
and administrative science has developed the concept of policy networks, which
later transformed into the theory «governance» («receptive administration», «participating management»), in turn, to
justify the need to move from evaluating the effectiveness of spent resources
to the evaluation process and the subjects of public policy.
And these theoretical concepts and the real world experience of
development showed that the new image of the state, as well as the nature of
modern solved their problems require substantial transformation mechanisms of
the formation of public policy. First of all, new challenges anticipated
consolidation of power- management of resources at all levels, the shift of the
dominance of the state in the decision-making model for cooperation between the
state and other subjects of public policies based on the principles of mutually
beneficial cooperation and alignment of interests. This fully applies to the
process of the formation of public policy in the field of higher education.
To understand the essence of the state policy in the sphere of higher
education teachers need to make distinction, allowing for a positioning of
education in the overall structure of the state and other industry practices:
education policy, education policy and intradepartmental politics of education.
The introduction of such distinctions is not only theoretical, but more
applied nature. In particular, it is important to assess the effectiveness of
educational policies and budget allocations. In this context, the two differ in
different components of the state educational policy.
The first – is to ensure reproduction of the education system. In this
framework, you can monitor the dynamics of growth of the industry funding for
education, the number of educational institutions, the number of students,
etc.). However, the growth of quantitative indicators cannot guarantee that
there is a development of education, which refers to the qualitative
improvement of the system due to the change of the individual parameters.
Score interdepartmental policy can show progress in the «growth» of education, and the effectiveness
of policies in education may be low, which will be expressed in the lack of
demand for public educational products, including professionally trained
teachers.
If industrial policy does not embed common system of education in the
public life of the state, there is a mismatch vnutriobrazovatelnoy coordinate
system -wide. In this context it is necessary to define the conditions for
achieving the objectives of educational policy. First of all, they include the
presence of the political elite cultural values and standards
that allow realizing the importance of education as a priority area for the
development of the state, as well as certain institutional and regulatory
characteristics of the structural components of the political system.
The essence and the nature of teacher education define universal
features of the state policy in the field of study, the characteristics of the
educational system of a country-specific features of management education,
stage of socio-economic development of the country determines the value of
education in the context of the development of the state as a whole, and
therefore determines the priority of this sector in the activities of the State.
Feature of contemporary politics in teacher education are defined as
those global context in which the higher education system functioning. In this
connection it is necessary to take into account factors such universal as
globalization, regional integration, the formation of a society based on knowledge,
information technology, demographic changes, as well as the main challenges
that have arisen under the influence of certain circumstances. That is why,
today, to take concrete steps to improve the system of teacher education
through the implementation of various government policies.
Improvement of the national system of teacher education in modern
conditions requires implementation of the following areas of state education
policy and practice: the development of the state - public education system
management, government funding and control over the use of funds ; promote
budgetary allocations to the education sector, the development of the legal
framework of education and supervision implementation, promoting the
development of civil society – associations of educational institutions and the
different categories of teachers as partners of the state; mechanisms of state
control of education quality. The most important condition for the
effectiveness of the above areas is government measures to increase the level
of social protection of educators, students and pupils.
Reform of teacher education in Ukraine - it is not only the development
and introduction of a new model of the educational process, but also to change
the social aims and objectives of education. Teacher education has a specific
purpose and a key function of identity formation, the vocation of which is the
creation of modern man, his intellectual and spiritual potential. Before the
formation of the modern Ukrainian got a daunting dual challenge: to keep all
the positive achievements and experience of Ukrainian education and enrich its
innovative achievements of European educational environments, harmoniously
reconcile them with the Ukrainian. The degree of difficulty and complexity of
the task must meet a measure of harmonization and transparency of relations in
the education triangle: the state – education – society.
Literature
1. Tertiary Education for the Knowledge Society. Volume 1. Ed. by P. Santiago, K. Tremblay, E. Basri, E. Arnal. OECD. 2008.