Irza O.L., Severinova S.K., Roganov G.G.

Crimea state medical university named after S. I. Georgievsky, Simferopol.

The role of prebiotics in stomatology

One of the most significant human body system is physiological microbial system , which submitted by number of “good” bacteria , such as bifidobacterim , laktobacilli, propionibacterium and some types of streptococci and yeast.

A Characteristic properties of these bacteria are their harmless to the body, ability to antagonize the growth of opportunistic and pathogenic microbs, stimulate non-specific immunite, contribute the digestive process , take part in providing a range of vitamins, have antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect, stimulate adaptive and trophic systems of the body. the total number of bacteria flora almost 10 times more than number of all macroorganism cells and 1,5 times heavier than the biggest organ – liver.

The condition of the bacterial flora depends on many factors: genetic, functional, nutritional, environmental toxic, medical and particulary on physiological antimicrobial system. In recent years , because of changed conditions of life, a large release of antimicrobial drugs, more often arise the disturbance of physiological bacterial flora composition, which manifested by dysbiosis syndrome.

The significant experimental and clinicl material is accumulated, pointing out to the important role of dysbiosis in a large number of diseases pathogenesis.

For the physiological microbial system correction was suggested to use preparations of indigenous bacterial strains, which called probiotics.

The clinical experience of probiotics use in general is positive, but

there are many the work of scientists, which point out the low efficiency of probiotic therapy.

One of the main cause of probiotics low efficiency is lack or low content of specific growth promoters of probiotic microflora.

About 15 years ago such stimulants called prebiotics.

Prebiotics are for organic substances, which capable to provide trophic and protect functions of the microorganism.This group of compounds includes plant prebiotics( fructooligosaccharides(inulin), β-glycan, galactosides of sucrose (raffinose and stachyose), phyto lysozyme, vitamins (B3,B6, 4-Aminobenzoic acid, inositol)). Also animal prebiotics: lacto-N-tetraose(breast milk),glycopeptides of the milk, peptides, lactoferrins, lysozyme, protease inhibitors. Also synthetic prebiotics : lactulose and modified starches.

The mechanism of action of plant prebiotics, oligosaccharides is that , it serve nutrient substrate for prebiotic microflora. Mechanism of action of phyto lysozyme, contained in horseradish , radish and sprouts, is increase of adhesive ability of prebiotic bacteria.

The vitamins is prebiotic properties stimulate the metabolism in cells of prebiotic bacteria and increase their functional activity.

From the animal prebiotics the lacto-N-tetraose of breast milk has a strong bifidogenic activity. The breast milk contains prebiotics protein nature ( peptides, lactoferrins), the mechanism of which the main role is immunomodulatory properties.

The main prebiotic animal nature is lysozyme, which has mild bacteriolytic effect, but strong immunomodulatory and membrane-acting effect. Lysozyme increase colonization resistance of prebiotic bacteria.

Prebiotic properties of protease inhibitors is the ability to inactivate aggressive , destructive, proteolytic enzymes , secreted by opportunistic and pathogenic flora.

Last times sharply increase the release of prebiotic lactulose. Since 1959 lactulose used as remedy for constipation. Microbiological investigation showed the ability of lactulose to increase the content of bifidobacterim in fecal flora of bottle-feeding children. Nowadays the word production of lactulose is more than 20 thousand tons a year(the most – Japan)

Since 2004 in Ukraine began industrial production of lactulose , named laktuvit(syrup)

In institute Academy of Medical Sciences developed more than 10 preparations, (hygienic remedies), contains prebiotics( inulin, protease inhibitors,protease inhibitors, bioflavonoids, galactosides)