Теоретические и методологические

проблемы исследования языка

Rysbaeva G.K.

Candidate of Philological Sciences,

Associate professor of Linguistics

Kazakh State Women’s Pedagogical University

Kazakhstan, Almaty

.

The ways of foundation and development of Cult concepts

in Turkish languages

Cult concepts were appeared in early times and meaning “worship, adoration, praying” they connect with Latin word “cult”.

There are a lot of forms of cult. They are “Cult of the Moon”, “Cult of the Sun”, “Cult of the Sky”, “Cult of the Stars”, “Cult of worship the nature”, “Cult of the Fire”, “Cult of the water”, “Cult of trees” and “Cult of worship the statues”, etc.

Ancient people had objects of worshipping the Moon, the Sun, and the Stars. These phenomena were considered as the most valuable and played a great role in people’s lives. The Moon, the Sun, and the Stars were as saint and powerful for the Nomads as “the God”.

“Cult of the Moon” was appeared in the times of stone century. The signed symbol of the Moon is as following: the Half Moon sign – the sign of night light and the saint sign of Moslems. The Moon is the symbol of beauty and gentleness. Horns of the bull, image of snake, round mirror, names of tribes are also the signs of the Moon.

Kazakh people thought that the Moon could impact not only on the people’s lives but on four types of cattle as well. Usually they likened their favorite or saint horns to the Moon and called them “ay tuyakti tulparim”, “ay muizdi siyirim”, “ay muizdi koshkarim”, “ay muizdi ak koshkar”, “ay muizdi kok (ak) serke”, “ay muizdi, asha tuyakti”. “Ay muizdi, asha tuyakti” – they call four forms of cattle except horse “asha tuyak” or “ayir tuyak” and in Kyrgyz language the horse is called “ay tuyak”. “Ay muizdi ak koshkar”, “ay muizdi kok (ak) serke” mean strong and powerful.

There are quite many poems of Turk people which were sent to us from “Guns”. One of them is the poem of blessing children:

Ay muizdi ak koshkarim seniki bolsin.

Kamistay tik kulagi bar aigarim seniki bolsin.

Shudalari togilgen kara tuyem seniki bolsin.

Likening hooves and horns of the cattle only to the Moon means that our people respected and worshipped the Moon and asked the safety of people and the cattle.

When people saw the new-born Moon they said:

Ay kordik aman kordik,

Zhana ayda zharilka,

Eski ayda esirke.

Image of the new born Moon paid an important role in the lives of not only the Kazakhs but of the Kyrgyz as well. While seeing the Moon the Kyrgyz blessed, the Tatars of west Siberia danced, the Bashkurts asked goodness from the Moon and worshipped and as for the Altais, they thought that it is the worst time to begin something. While most of the Turk people worshipped the Moon, the Yakuts asked for safety and goodness until the next the full Moon.

Cult of the Sun. The symbol of the Sun was represented on the signed stone: “The Sun God is riding bull with horns”, “Small people dancing around the Sun God”, “Many handed sun God”. The hat of the king of Saxes, snake-lights, horn, “Umai Ana”, red colour and fire are the symbols of the Sun. The sign of the Sun was the symbol of the nomads who used it for a long time: round kiyiz ui, shanirak, oshak, fire, formation of the dishes, wheels of the cart, mirror, etc. The Sun is the symbol of the beauty, warmness. The horse is the sign of the Sun God, because our ancestors sacrificed with horse. In ancient Turk language horse means the God.

The Sun’s shine, light were used instead of the Sun itself, that’s why we can see the respect the Sun from the usage of these words. The Kazakhs call people whom they love “my moon”, “my sun”, “my light”. They praised the cleverest, the most talented, and the smart one as “created from the sun light”.

Signs of worshipping the Sun is given not only in written form but you can see them as well. In Kazakhstan most people in the ancient graves were buried with their heads towards to the Sun. it can be seen in all places where Turk people lived [1; 530-531].

Cult of Tree. In the ancient times Turk people had a tradition of honoring trees. One of such saint trees is the universe tree. Universe tree is the most important mythical cult object.

The universe tree in Kazakh people’s lives is – baiterek. According to the legend, baiterek owns an essential and symbolic meaning. For example, people had proverbs like “Bir tal kessen on tal ek”, “zhalgiz agashti kima”.

The Slavs used the Birch - tree as a medicine. They put a sick man under the tree and poured him with cold water. This legend shows us the importance of trees and people’s lives. The Kazakhs believed that the tree “archa” could protect from all evil and fired it in the iron dish taking round the house and the cattle. A.M. Sagalaev who investigated the myths of Altai people said: “the tradition of cleaning with the fire by ‘archa-tree’ was kept at the Yakuts” [2;68].

The Kazakhs believed that this tree brought happiness, protected from diseases, and prolonged the lives, that’s why it was considered as the greatest sin to cut it. While passing it they stopped, kneed and prayed.

References:

1. Киселев С.В. Древняя история Южной Сибири. -М., 1951. -642 с.

2. Сагалаев А.М. Мифология и верования алтайцев. Центрально-азиатские влияния.

–Новосибирск: Наука, 1984. -120 с.

Резюме

Этот статья посвящено формированию и развитию культовых понятий в тюркских языках. Даны фразы связанные с культовыми понятьями.