Somatic cells of milk – as the indicator of an infection of a mammary gland.

Tuyakova R. K. - candidate of veterinary sciences, associate professor of Kostanay state university of a name A. Baytursynov.

Li A. – master 2 courses Kostanay state university of a name A. Baytursynov.

Milk is one of the most valuable livestock products, and the contents in it easily usvoyaemy fats, proteins, carbohydrates, mineral substances and vitamins does it especially valuable in a food of the person. The modern consumer shows increased requirements to milk, it has to be fresh, natural, tasty and environmentally friendly.

Quality of milk changes under the influence of such factors, as feeding, the contents, genetics, a state of health of animals. The main indicators characterizing quality of milk, are: content of fat, protein, somatic cages. If the content of fat and protein is influenced by feeding and genetics of cows, the maintenance of somatic cages – indicators of health of an udder.

Somatic cages are cells of various fabrics and bodies, in particular, fabrics of dairy passes and the alveoluses participating in secretion of milk consist of them. These are cages of a cylindrical, flat and cubic epithelium of a mammary gland, leukocytes, erythrocytes. Therefore the somatic cages which have been torn away from sekretorny part of an udder constantly are present at milk, even at milk of a healthy cow. However at inflammatory process in a mammary gland (mastitis) leukocytes, according to the cellular theory of an inflammation created by I.I.Mechnikov, begin processes fagacitoz. As a result of the strengthened migration of leukocytes in the inflammation center their quantity in milk increase. Somatic cages in the milked dry milk don't breed and fluctuate between 10.000 – 170.000 in 1 ml. High concentration of somatic cages is a sign of violation of secretion of milk. The raised number of somatic cages as the most sensitive indicator, allows to catch changes in a chemical composition of a secret of an udder, that is signals about fall of dairy efficiency.

On standards of the European standards in milk existence no more than 250 thousand somatic cages in 1 ml is allowed. at increase in quantity of somatic cages the content of casein, dairy sugar, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus decreases to 500 thousand in milk. The increase in somatic cages to 900 thousand leads to change of color of milk to weak blue or weak a yellow shade, the consistence becomes watery, flaked and efficiency of milk decreases to 14%.

Increase of somatic cages of an udder leads to mastitis. At the beginning there is a subclinical mastitis at which visible symptoms of an inflammation aren't found. Subclinical mastitis can long will proceed, doing constant harm as to udder health, and economy (efficiency reduction, reduction of price of milk), and also can develop in clinical mastitis. Therefore it is worth watching constantly quantity of somatic cages in milk.

In this regard before us the purpose to define quantity of somatic cages in milk of cows on dairy farms of Northern Kazakhstan was set.

Results of research on somatic cages led to LLP "Joint stock company – Ak-Kuduk" - 200 heads, in "Sadchikovskoye" LLP - 160 heads.

Table 1

Contents of the somatic hutches in milt cortex on dairy farms

Contents of the somatic hutches in milt, thous./ml	LLP "Sadchikovskoe" n=160		LLP "Ak-Kuduk" n=200
	cortex	%	cortex	%
before 100	76	47,5	85	42,5
101-200	69	43,12	87	43,5
201-500	12	7,5	20	10
501-1000	3	1,87	8	4

Distribution cortex depending on amount of the somatic hutches in milt has shown that on dairy farms amount animal with contents of the somatic hutches forms before 100 tys./ml - 42,5-47,5% , from 100-200 thous. - 43%, 201-500 thous. - 7,5-10%, more than 500 thous. - 1,87-4%. The Number of the somatic hutches, exceeding 200000 hutches/ml points to presence субклинического mastitis, but more than 500000 hutches/ml on clinical mastitis.

The Factor, influencing upon number of the somatic hutches молока are an infections inwardly udder. When in udder get the incitants of the mastitis, organism begins to work out the white blood taurus, which fight with microorganism. The Somatic hutches successfully shorten the number a microbe, however some microbes all can survive. Stabilize the number of the somatic hutches and bring their initial level by possible only by eliminating the incitants of the mastitis, under full regeneration and normal operation fabrics ferrics, at production milk reaches initial drawn. The Maintenance level somatic hutches in milt on optimum (specified) level allows the facilities not only to sell the process milk enterprise on more high procurement prices, but also check the picture of health cortex, enlarge length their productive life, under smaller expenses on veterinary actions.

The Raised contents of the somatic hutches in milt brings about big financial loss, bound with quality молока not only, but also with reduction of milk productivity cortex, additional expenses of the facilities on treatment, sorting молока, premature выбытием cortex, reduction of the genetic progress.

The Losses form from the following:

· Direct losses to milk productivity from clinical mastitis - 12%;

· Loss goods молока by reason of raised contentses of the somatic hutches in milt - 17%;

· Raised выбраковка and case cortex - 35% " Reduction of the price on milk at increasing of the contents of the somatic hutches in milt – 36

Table 2

Losses to milk productivity depending on concentrations of the somatic hutches in milt

Amount of the somatic hutches in milt (thous./ml)	Losses to milk productivity, %
200	0
500	6
1000	18

Thereby, at increasing of the concentrations of the somatic hutches in milt before 500 thousand in 1 ml facilities gets the damage from reduction of milk productivity equal 6%, from reduction of the price for milk before 20%. The Specialists facilities зачастую underrate the loss, connected with high contents of the somatic hutches in milt, since outwardly milk looks доброкачественным, but loss yield of milk, which in this time exist, find other explanations. In ditto time, results of the studies show that reduction to productivity cortex in connection with raised by contents of the somatic hutches in milt more essential.

List of the literature:

1. Smagulov A.K. and others Quality and safety to agricultural food product. Almaty.2002.543 s.

2. Bannikova L.A., Queen N.S., Semeniha V.F. Mikrobiologicheskie bases milk production, - M:. Agropromizdat, 1987.

3. Sivkin,N.V. The Principles to organizations of the milking cortex on farm and quality молока/ N.V. Sivkin, N.I. The Dragonfly and others// Conversion moloka. - 2011.- 4.- S. 18-21.