Современные информационные технологии/1.Компьютерная инженерия
Ph.D.
A.M. Milenin, Ph.D. S.M. Skofenko,
M.S. Ubaitaieva
The
study of CAD elements on junior courses of technical universities
In
the modern economic space, there is an active development of computer
technologies related to joint work, the supply of components. By means of
systems of automatic designing (CAD) the development of drawings is carried
out, three-dimensional modeling of a product and assembly process is carried
out, the technological documentation is made, etc. There comes the awareness of
the need to introduce CAD in the daily work of designers. At the same time, CAD
is often expected more than it can give, hoping to get an immediate result
without putting any effort. From the system, in addition to targeting specific
characteristics, the ability to model complex 3D objects and assemblies is
required.
Basic
CAD can be conditionally divided into three classes.
Low-level
systems are systems of the AutoCAD type, which are, in fact, an electronic
culmination, which practically does not affect the technology of design and
technological preparation itself.
Medium-level
systems are systems (Solid Works, Solid Edge, CADMEX, T-FLEX, COMPASS) that
allow to fully implement 3D modeling and create mathematical models adequate to
real physical models. Here, the user receives all the advantages of
three-dimensional design: topological accuracy, the ability to analyze
three-dimensional models and use in the preparation of control programs. These
systems allow you to extract real opportunities from computer design.
Top-level
systems are systems that provide the entire product creation cycle-from the
conceptual idea to implementation without the additional use of external
applications, which provides a single environment for product development and
support for parallel engineering, where all project participants can work
simultaneously. Such systems should have sufficiently powerful parametrization tools that allow to make changes to complex
structures in large assemblies, to have the possibility of constructing complex
associative connections, as well as certain flexibility, since the product is
constantly changing in the design process.
The
desire to get competent answers to the questions posed above makes it necessary
to train engineers in engineering universities who are familiar with the
methods of computer design and modeling. The basic disciplines that provide
training for such specialists include engineering and computer graphics.
It
is necessary to note the desire of the graduating departments to orient
students to study those CAD (Solid Works, ADEM, CATIA, etc.), with which they
can later meet in production.
All
of them are classified according to the accepted classification to products of
the "average" and "heavy" class. This means that for their
use requires a technique with very significant computing resources, and for
their development - considerable time and serious effort. CAD systems are
inherently complex systems. The change of computer-aided design systems occurs
quickly, within 2 to 3 years. Thus, during the training in a technical
university, the future engineer will have to retrain, at least twice.
Considering
that the computerization of fundamental engineering disciplines is one of the
key problems of the educational process of the higher vocational school, and
the fact that universal CAD is a pedagogical potential, there is a need to find
ways to use this potential for teaching students in graphic disciplines. The
use of CAD allows them to more easily and quickly master the basics of computer
modeling and graphics, more consciously and deeply understand the classical
engineering geometry and graphics in a time of shortage. For the most effective
use of design CAD modules for graphical training of students among the
functional capabilities of these systems, we identified those that, provided a
thoughtful design of the learning process could be useful from various angles.
When
implementing computer graphics in the educational process, you have to opt for
only one graphic software product. This is primarily due to the minimum number
of hours allocated to the study of computer graphics. Therefore, for a deeper
training of specialists who own modern technologies in the field of design, a
common policy of general engineering and special departments is needed to
introduce CAD into the educational process.
When
studying the methods of implementing CAD, such training programs can be CAD,
less demanding computer resources and easier to implement educational technical
projects. The experience of the Department of Descriptive Geometry, Engineering
and Computer Graphics showed that for the development of AutoCAD, students of
1st and 2nd courses need 2-3 pairs of study time. A small amount of
installation allows a student with a home computer to install it at home.
Another
compendium that claims to study CAD methods is the Compass system. The size of
its installation package is somewhat larger. Together with this, and the
possibilities for him are somewhat wider, which allows the student to learn
parametric design and modeling.