Історія / 3. Історія науки і техніки
Gilyazetdinova T. R.
Kyiv, Ukraine
M.M. Wolf - chief
of the Bureau of All-Ukrainian Congresses of agricultural research deed
Research organizations had led difficult
struggle by their existence in 20th in XX century. A period of civic war was
too longer in Ukraine and hard times are past. Difficult agrarian crisis was
increased by crop failure in 1921. It made scientists-researchers and their
Bureau of All-Ukrainian Congresses of agricultural research deed paid attention on strengthening
agrarian base of research stations. Scientific activity was only in some
organizations. The volume of work was not full.
Then there was a period of pacific building,
harvest in 1922, regulating government budget. It brought scientists' of
research deed attention to the question of
returning the scientific work. Also they resumed-research work of
scientific organizations as soon as possible.
The process of inner revival of agriculture was
presented at that time. Awoken by revolution and
deprived of right agronomic help under influence of own power villagers fought
to new forms of farming, found new ways in the system of land tenure and in
usage of new crops and improving the means of cultivation.
There were times when mass agriculture had given
his own mark to the achievements of scientific organizations when critics of
every day life put out all non-useful, forced in conclusions and got into
practice all useful, technical rational and economic useful ones.
That cognition process of achievements of
research organizations in Ukraine took place as better to the scientific
reputation as soon scientific organizations gave accounts of their work and as
soon as theoretical and practical conclusions were the subject of critical
mark. Unfortunately, scientific organizations had not main programs of the experiments. All these gave every organization its status that
determined its place in the amount of
general work.
For example, the oldest research organizations -
Polatava research station or Cherson research station have already used their
own programs and new ones for their formation and development have not been
created. A great amount of research organizations, that were organized in
1910-1914, did not have time to finish their programs until the war began. As a
result, they could not put their experiments or created one. And only few
stations, that were organized before the war, could work with their experiments
and prepare to the statement of new questions and continue their annual work.
But there were a few ones and all of them were
in forest-steppe zone. Research organizations did not work or were not occupied
with scientific work in steppe zone. By the way, this zone needed in making
close scientific study of important questions after all shocks.
Creative initiative of the separate researchers
had got an important place in scientific activity. Certainly, during creating
the programs some possible mistakes could appeared and destroyed the work of all research organization. That's why, the projects were
under consideration of general mark, detail working out by the
leading expert of research deed, economists and agronomists.
Bureau of All-Ukrainian Congresses of agricultural
research deed decided to publish its own periodical. The main programs of
research stations before their usage would sure be printed in this magazine.
That's why there was an opportunity of preliminary methodological and technical
realization of the researches.
Only collective work allowed to co-ordinate with
programs not formal, but actual and divided between research organizations all
work according to the special peculiarities. By the way, it gave an opportunity
to decide a lot of minor but also important tasks: search new scientific
methods, new methodology of knowledge transmission to popularity, an
acquaintance with the work of agricultural research organizations in the
country and abroad, with the newest achievements in different branches of agricultural
knowledge and information about the work of Central and District government
bodies.
The necessity of planned revival of agricultural
science and agriculture in Ukraine was carried out by outstanding scientists as
O.A. Yanata, V.N. Rozhestvenskiy, P.A. Tutkovskiy, G.G. Machov, E. Zaslavskiy
etc. Among them was M.M. Wolf - chief of the Bureau of All-Ukrainian Congresses
of agricultural research deed . He took the lead in creation of periodical
magazine "Agricultural research deed". Thus, the first task of
program construction of all research agricultural organizations was: summary of
material and critical mark of the ways from the one hand and collective work in
finding new ways - from the other. It was the main task of creation this
magazine. The programs, that the scientists organized that
time, gave their first results and should be used only after 8-10 years later.