Y.Yurchenko,
Masters
Mykolayiv National Agrarian University,
Ukraine
PROBLEMS OF
ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE
With the introduction
of cleaner production in agriculture entrepreneurs are obliged to respect the
principle of integral prevent the formation of pollutants and their sources of
origin, as well as systemic administration of complex technical, technological,
organizational, economic, administrative, legal and other measures to produce
required production volumes specified quality at the lowest cost material and
minimum environmental impact [1].
Today, Ukraine is not
the most important inhibitory factor in the development of organic production
and cultivation of ecologically clean agricultural products are state of land
resources. Agricultural land covering two-thirds of the entire territory of
Ukraine, including arable land - more than 55% (the environmental norms 40%).
Faulty farming, the use of heavy farm machinery, piecemeal reclamation,
overgrazing, perehimizatsiya and other factors led to the loss of the last 25
years almost 500 thousand. Hectares of agricultural land and reducing the
amount of humus in the soil at 9%.
Domestic agricultural
producers by inefficient use of mineral and chemical agents in the production
of agricultural products as harmful to land resources and the people who
consume the goods produced, the reason for this is the fact that agricultural
producers neglect the damage given environment, caring only about their own
benefit.
Worldwide evidence
that increased attention to the production of agricultural eco-friendly
products. According to foreign authors (M. Anderson, R. Shtyyman) in the United
States in the mid 80-ies of XX century. nalichuvalosyado 30 thousand. farms
with alternative forms of agriculture, the value of their products reached
about $ 3 billion. In Switzerland alternative economy was 0.8% of all land
users, products of alternative economies of Denmark in the early 90s reached
1-2% of the total production in the country, in Germany - 0.2%, Netherlands -
0.15, Sweden - 0.1-0.2% [2].
In the world market
of environmentally-friendly products a trend of increasing demand for organic
agricultural products. Research Organic Federation of Ukraine suggests that the
modern domestic consumer market for organic products in Ukraine began to
develop in 2006-2007, back: in 2007 - 500 thousand. Euros in 2008 - 600
thousand. Euros in 2009 - 1.2 million, in 2010 this figure rose to 2.4 million
in 2011 - to 5.1 million in 2012 - to 6.3 million, and in 2013 - to 12.0
million [3 ].
Public administration
in implementing cleaner production in most countries involves the development
and adoption of national, sectoral and local programs, the development and
adoption of executive bodies within their competence regulatory acts, state
regulations, standards in this field, coordination and harmonization of
sectoral and local programs, proper monitoring of the compliance and
implementation of national programs in this area.
For Ukraine vital is
the strategy implementation of cleaner production, which should identify ways
to solve complex environmental and economic issues, to ensure an effective system
prerequisites facilitate the implementation of strategy and business entities
such production methods.
Further public
provision of cleaner production in Ukraine can be realized through the creation
of conditions for the access of economic activities to foreign and domestic
investment, development and introduction of incentives for companies involved
in cleantech, including tax incentives for reducing pollution and their
preferential taxation in the early stages of development of new technologies
and of new products, establishment of state partnerships with small and medium
business, putting emphasis on the effectiveness of programs to implement
cleaner production, in particular, reduction of waste and energy and material
consumption production expertise of international projects and cleaner
production technologies proposed for implementation in Ukraine.
REFERENCES
1
O. Organic Shevchenko in Ukraine / O. Shevchenko // Economy APC. - 2012. - №
11. - 8 p.
2
P. Zinchenko Opportunities orhanyky / P. Zinchenko // Agro Perspectiva. - 2013.
- №9 (116). - 25 p.
3
Ilyakiv L. Environmentally friendly production: international experience and
Ukraine / L. Ilyakiv // Innovative Economy. - 2010. - №3 (41). - 14 p.