ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF CHEMICAL CLUSTER
REGION
Kudabaeva L.A.
Taraz State University named M.H.Dulati, Taraz city
The practice of the past two decades has convincingly
shown that the existing approaches to life support regions of Kazakhstan, based
on receipt of subsidies from the national budget, the use of natural resources
and the existing industrial potential can not provide a comprehensive
socio-economic development of the areas and the improvement of the life quality
of the population. To solve these problems, you should use innovative
mechanisms of regional development.
The
main problem in the development of the regional economy in the medium term
is its transition from a resource-based to an innovation model.
The loss of competitiveness of regions
largely due to the fact that many companies that make up the backbone of the economy, use worn-out equipment and outdated technology. Besides industrial
enterprises do not have an
adequate supply of innovation and scientific support. This increases their technological gap between foreign competitors.
For the functioning and development of the region in modern conditions new
management techniques of territorial development are in need, working to
improve the competitiveness of the regions and the country as a whole, and
adapted for the use in a society based on knowledge and the latest achievements
of science. It is necessary to form a new technological basis, based on an
innovative type of regional economic development and re-use of the territory
and resources.
Considering
that the part of the chemical products supplied for export, including
to neighboring countries, is the raw
material and is returned to Kazakhstan
in the form of chemical products,
the gap in the price of internal and
external market puts domestic producers in a more unequal position in the competition, resulting in the suppression of domestic production. At the same time, the share of domestic producers on the internal market remains very low
with some exceptions. The production
of goods for industrial purposes such as
phosphorus, sulfuric acid, fertilizers, mineral or chemical phosphorus dominates in the
industry, where the share of domestic
producers in the internal market is
almost at 100%. A characteristic
feature of most of the chemical industry
is backward technology,
which, along with the physical equipment
wear does not allow to produce competitive
products. [1; 2]
But, despite the positive decision
on the formation of the chemical
cluster, innovative activity in Zhambyl
region remains low: the minimum number of enterprises implementing
innovations, and minor production; low level of new types of products. Competitiveness
of domestic goods determines the priorities
of innovation in enterprises primarily
at meeting the demand of domestic consumers. It is no coincidence
that as the core of
its result appears diversification
and expansion of the product portfolio.
As
practice shows, the efficiency and functioning of the cluster chemical industry depends on the effectiveness of the relationship between them in the process of innovative
activity. Interaction between
internal and external elements of its cluster, under the
influence of a competitive environment, leads to a synergistic effect, which
manifests itself in the growth of competitiveness
as a subject of business entity and
its constituent divisions. [3]
That
is why the Government of Kazakhstan
pays a great attention to the
development of the chemical complex. Its accelerated development will fully let to satisfy the needs of the economy in a high-quality chemical materials and products, to expand the scope and application of chemicals and to increase the competitiveness of Kazakhstan goods on the external market.
In this connection, in the State
Program on Forced Industrial-Innovative Development of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014,
approved by the Decree of the President
of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated
on March 19, 2010 № 958,
the priority development of competitive industries of chemical industry
aimed at issue of high-tech export-oriented and innovative products with high added value are identified as the main problems. In addition, by the decision of the Government
of the Republic of Kazakhstan from September 31, 2010 № 1001 a Program
for the development of the chemical
industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan
for 2010-2014 is approved.
Among
the most significant
projects in the region should be
called a project to create a
special economic zone "Chemical Park" of Taraz. The
project supposes the creation of more
than 15 chemical plants for the
production of new export-oriented chemical products from local raw materials.
In order to serve these industries
the construction of a developed
industrial infrastructure, storage and ancillary facilities, service facilities are
included in the project, the transport
and logistic management is observed in the project too.
However, there is a number of problems in the region,
especially the socio-economic and ecological problems, the solution of which requires joining forces with business, academia
and civil society organizations from local authorities.
Highly actual is the tensity of ecological situation. Implementation of
effective technological processes of gas and solid wastes from the chemical
industry in the securities of multi-purpose products can meet the challenges of
environmental and economic trends.
Impact of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes discharged by enterprises of
phosphorus industry leads to deterioration of the natural conditions of the
mining production, to the growth of economic loss, complication of ecological
conditions, to the negative effects on the environment and to an increase of
current expenditure on environmental protection.
Thus, the significant economic potential of the country as a whole and the
Zhambyl region, in particular, in the form of natural resources, as well as
industrial, scientific, technical and labor potential on the basis of new
approaches of structural policy, technological and financial support create
real prospects of development for the Republic of Kazakhstan. In our opinion,
in these circumstances, the main actual problem is the problem of complex use
of the available phosphate raw materials, processing and use of recycled
resources. The way out from this situation is seen in the working out of a new
concept for the development of the chemical complex, the main principle of
which will be the cluster approach to its development and management.
List of references
1. Economics of regions of
Kazakhstan \ Internet site of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in
Russia www.kazembassy.ru
2. Official Website of the Committee of Industry of the Ministry of Industry
and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
3. Ussik N.I. The use of the synergistic effect in the competition. \ Bulletin
of St. Petersburg State University. Ser. 5 2003 Edition. 2 (№ 13).